doc.: IEEE Submission March 2008 Dr. Okundu OmeniSlide 1 Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Toumaz response to TG6 Call for Applications] Date Submitted: [11 January, 2008] Source: [Dr. Okundu Omeni] Company [Toumaz Technology Ltd] Address [85F Milton Park, Abingdon, UK] Voice:[ ], FAX: [ ], Re: [n/a] Abstract:[This document is Toumaz response to TG6 Call for Applications] Purpose:[This document is a response to P TG6 Call for Application on 18 Jan, 2008] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P

doc.: IEEE Submission March 2008 Dr. Okundu OmeniSlide 2 Toumaz response to TG6 Call for Applications

doc.: IEEE Submission Toumaz response to TG6 Call for Applications Dr. Okundu Omeni Principal Design Engineer Toumaz Technology Ltd UK

doc.: IEEE Submission Economics of Healthcare

doc.: IEEE Submission Wireless Sensors in Personalised Healthcare

doc.: IEEE Submission Body Area Network Attributes All wireless sensor nodes are attached to the body Data being monitored is of low frequency, but signals should be locally processed to reduce data transmission requirements. Network does not need to respond immediately to changes, except in alarm conditions. Nodes are miniature and battery powered – Sensor nodes are resource and power constrained. – Central node is less resource and power constrained.

doc.: IEEE Submission “Digital Patch” Required Features

doc.: IEEE Submission SoC Architecture

doc.: IEEE Submission Operating Frequency – Available Spectrum Available spectrum: 433 MHz ISM 610 MHz WMTS 870/900 MHz SRD/ISM 1.4 GHz WMTS 2.4 GHz ISM Parameter400 MHz2.4 GHz Antenna Efficiency ✘ ✔ Path Loss & Body Effects ✔✘ Power Consumption ✔✘ Path Loss: Friis LOS Transmission Antenna Efficiency Radiation ResistanceLoss Resistance Ref: C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1997

doc.: IEEE Submission Operating Frequency Copper AWG24 Loop Antenna, 1.5cm radius MHz (Europe) & MHz (North America) license-free bands represent a good compromise for body-worn wireless biomedical applications → Meet Regulatory Requirements - ERC REC 70-03, ETSI FCC 47 Part , ,

doc.: IEEE Submission Off-body communication Spatial Environment: Body Area Propagation On-body communication “Creeping Waves” Variation of path loss with movement Ref: ”Channel model for wireless communication around human body” J. Ryckaert et al, Electronic Letters 29 th April Ref: Antennas and Propagation, Hall & Hao: Artech House Target Worst Case Path 72 dB (10m 928 MHz + 20dB Fade Margin) Hardware AGC, RSSI & Switch-able PA Power Worst Case for Medium Sized Room = 63dB 900 MHz 2450 MHz

doc.: IEEE Submission Link Budget If Transmit Power = -10 dBm RF Losses = 10 dB (Antenna etc.) Target Path Loss = 72 dB ThenReceiver Sensitivity = -10 – 2*(10) – 72 = -102 dBm (Bluetooth Class 2: TX power +4dBm, RXsensitivity -80dBm → 2.4GHz) If Signal Bandwidth= 200 kHz Demodulator SNR= 11 dB (for 1E-3 Raw BER) ThenNoise Figure= -102 – ( ) – 11 = 8 dB Other Top Level Specifications Transceiver Voltage = 1 ~ 1.5 V Maximum Current= < 3 mA Temperature= 0 ~ 70 o C Meet Regulatory Requirements: RF, LBT etc. Meet MAC requirements, Fast turn on/off/around, Low Sleep Current

doc.: IEEE Submission Multiplexing 3 Sensors

doc.: IEEE Submission Sensor Interface Multiple sensor interfaces (bias and signal processing) on chip: – Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) – Temperature (internal & external) – 3 axis accelerometer – Pressure (Wheatstone bridge) – Amperometric (P and N) – Potentiometric (Ion Sensitive FET, ISFET) ADC can be programmed to: – Measure only one sensor interface – Switch between (up to) 3 interfaces at a configurable rate

doc.: IEEE Submission Medium Access Control Designed for ultra low power operation in the target station(s) Star network: up to 8 addressable target stations talking to 1 base station TDMA (dynamic) & FDMA Base station always initiates communications except for Target alarm & roaming Automatic link establishment & configuration : ~20 ms per RF channel searched Variable frame length Collision avoidance and mitigation schemes plus FEC Implemented in hardware

doc.: IEEE Submission Network Topology Cluster YCluster X TS BS TS BS to BS Communications ROAMING BS TS ROAMING RF Channel X RF Channel Y

doc.: IEEE Submission Summary Health care and vital signs monitoring is a growing market Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks need to evolve to meet these markets Implantable Wireless Body Area Sensor Nodes have MICS standard, Battery & Antenna Constraints Wearable Sensor Nodes need to be ultra low power to meet small form factors and flexible thin batteries Power consumption can only be reduced by considering both system partitioning and circuit design Dedicated Hardware helps reduce power (e. g. hardware MAC) A “digital patch” solution enables low cost disposable vital signs monitoring