NATIONAL FOREST CENTRE ZVOLEN SLOVAKIA Gender mainstreaming strategy for employment in mountain rural areas in Slovakia Ing. Viera Petrášová, CSc.

Area: km 2 Area: km 2 Population: Population: inhabitants Density of population: 109 inhabitants/km 2 Density of population: 109 inhabitants/km 2 Bratislava ( )- capital city Bratislava ( )- capital city 8 regions: Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra,Trenčín, Žilina, Banská Bystrica, Prešov, Košice 8 regions: Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra,Trenčín, Žilina, Banská Bystrica, Prešov, Košice

Data of our project Project beginning January 2005Project beginning January 2005 Project end December 2007Project end December 2007

Project budget € Project partners: Office for Labour, Social Affairs and Family Zvolen Office for Labour, Social Affairs and Family Zvolen Office for Labour, Social Affairs and Family Banská Štiavnica Office for Labour, Social Affairs and Family Banská Štiavnica

Idea of benefits of our project:  Increase the level of transparency and support for creating competitive entrepreneurial environment  At local level there are women with higher education  Effects of the tools of active police of labour market

Definition of problems in rural mountains area: Definition of problems in rural mountains area: Moving of young people for work abroad Moving of young people for work abroad Traditional gender segregation at labour market Traditional gender segregation at labour market Mostly people with elementary education stay to live and work in villages Mostly people with elementary education stay to live and work in villages Regional disparity Regional disparity

What opportunities we have: Reducing taxes and transfer payments Reducing taxes and transfer payments Elimination of legislative and administrative barriers Elimination of legislative and administrative barriers Development of the system of regional support to enterprising, consultancy, marketing, information Development of the system of regional support to enterprising, consultancy, marketing, information

Risks:  Structural changes of labour market  Budgetary restrictions of the government  Absence of regional policy  Discordance between employment policy and labour market policy

Main objective of the project: Elaborate gender mainstreaming strategy for the employers in agrarian enterprises in mountain rural areas of Slovakia

Specific objectives: Increase gender sensitization during policy drafting by the actors of agrarian policy Increase gender sensitization during policy drafting by the actors of agrarian policy Strengthen gender strategy in patriarchal enterprises in agrarian sector that are characteristic for structure imbalance of genders in the processes of management and decision-making Strengthen gender strategy in patriarchal enterprises in agrarian sector that are characteristic for structure imbalance of genders in the processes of management and decision-making Influence employers in agrarian sector through dissemination and exchange of knowledge on the role of gender strategy in rural areas in other countries Influence employers in agrarian sector through dissemination and exchange of knowledge on the role of gender strategy in rural areas in other countries

Target groups Women employers and men employers Women employers and men employers Women employees and men employees Women employees and men employees Women entrepreneurs and men entrepreneurs Women entrepreneurs and men entrepreneurs

Activities of the project: 1. Database creation 2. Elaboration of gender mainstreaming strategy 3. Dissemination of knowledge 4. Transnational cooperation and exchange of experience

Database creation: Database creation: Creation of database for respective areas of equal opportunities for women and men in agrarian enterprises in rural areas of Slovakia will be done on the basis of following: Creation of database for respective areas of equal opportunities for women and men in agrarian enterprises in rural areas of Slovakia will be done on the basis of following: development of tools for the audit of enterprise/employers´s policy of equal opportunities for women and men development of tools for the audit of enterprise/employers´s policy of equal opportunities for women and men

Database creation: analyze regularly current practices in investigated enterprises from gender aspect analyze regularly current practices in investigated enterprises from gender aspect obtaining gender-differentiated data on equality of women and men in labour market under the conditions of rural areas of Slovakia obtaining gender-differentiated data on equality of women and men in labour market under the conditions of rural areas of Slovakia

2. Elaboration of gender mainstreaming strategy will be done: on the basis of gradual processing of data from the database being created, on the basis of gradual processing of data from the database being created, through preparing synthetic data from the first activity, and through preparing synthetic data from the first activity, and exchange of experience exchange of experience

Elaboration of gender mainstreaming strategy Important areas for working out gender mainstreaming strategy: Access to and participation in labour market on all levels; Access to and participation in labour market on all levels; Education and training, first of all, what concerns knowledge and qualification for respective profession; Education and training, first of all, what concerns knowledge and qualification for respective profession; Establishment and development of enterprises; Establishment and development of enterprises; Harmonization of working life and family life; Harmonization of working life and family life; Balanced participation in decision making Balanced participation in decision making

3. Dissemination of knowledge will be performed trough: performed trough: publishing professional articles in national and international scientific and technical journals publishing professional articles in national and international scientific and technical journals publishing papers of the project's participants in technical and popular journals publishing papers of the project's participants in technical and popular journals organizing 2 national workshops organizing 2 national workshops

4. Transnational cooperation and exchange of experience Exchange of experience and knowledge on solving the mentioned issues on transnational level Exchange of experience and knowledge on solving the mentioned issues on transnational level Obtaining information on innovative methods of solution of the mentioned issues Obtaining information on innovative methods of solution of the mentioned issues

IndicatorMeasure unit Gross domestic product Bill. SKK Bill. € 278, , , ,6 Of that forestryBill. SKK % 2,7 0,97 5,6 0,47 7,1 0,54 8,4 0,58 EmployeesThs. persons Of that forestryThs. persons % 36 1, , , ,62 Average monthly salary SKK € , , Of that forestrySKK € % , ,6 88, ,6 90, ,7 These are primary data of economy in Slovakia

2005 This is scan of land and surface in Slovakia

Prepared by: RIAFE Staff rations in agricultural organisations in 2005

Development of agrarian unemployment in Slovakia Source: Prepared by: RIAFE Indicator unit Agriculture (as of 31 December) of which unemployeed Number of persons Share in the total number of registered unemployed identified by sector %13,211,11112,26,7

Another are in business subjects offered services Development business subjects in agriculture

 The area of cultivated land – almost 80%  20% of population live in such areas  7% work in agriculture or forestry  Important local differences Situation of agriculture: Situation of agriculture:

We can state that:  The area of unused agriculture land has been falling in favour of forest land  The number of people move from urban areas

Situation of the Slovak Republic:  Rural areas – 59,5% of the territory  Agricultural land – 62,8% rural areas  Forest land – 55,9 rural areas  Agricultural lands cover almost 40% of the area of Slovakia  By OECD indicators – 79% territory with rural character

Current situation in rural areas of Slovakia  Transformation of national economy  Construction of big industrial centres, farmer´s cooperatives without strong diversification of activities  10% of total proportion of unemployeed population had work in agrarian sector

The reasons are following:  Low mobility of rural population due to growing age  Low qualification level  Low adaptability of entrepreneurial activities in rural areas  Regional differences

Other reasons - lack of industrial infrastructure High unemployment rate and low incomes – do not enable daily mobility after work - small enterprises in rural areas of Slovakia – without partnership

 The drop of the number of employees in forestry is proportional to the drop in performance in silvicilture and forest protection  licence holders in logging who work in forest  More than enterprises

Our proposals are:  Quality Legislative social measures  Development tourism  Utilization of projects

Total number of the persons working in the farms: persons; Of which women: (41,5 %)

Total number of permanent employees on the farms of legal persons: persons; Of which women: (29,9 %)

Total number of empoyees of labour force on the farms : persons; Of which women: (18,2 %)

Total number of heads of farms : 375 persons; Of which women: 170 (45,3 %)

Thank you very much for your attention.