11 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns: experiences and challenges from Spain National Statistical Institute (INE) - Women’s Institute Paper: Ignacio Duque / Teresa Escudero / José Luis Burgos Presentation: Ignacio Duque (INE) UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics April 2008, Geneva

2 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Index: 1.Overview of Gender and Social Indicators in Spain. 2.The key point: definitions, concepts and classifications. 3.Gender statistics in Spain. 4.Gender labour market trends across the current economic downturn. 5.Challenges and work ahead in Spain. 6.Proposals at international level.

3 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (I) Source: Roser NICOLAU (2005) “Población, salud y actividad”, Estadísticas Históricas de España, p.149

4 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (II)

5 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (III) Source: Clara Eugenia NÚÑEZ (2005) “Educación”, Estadísticas Históricas de España, p.230

6 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (IV) Source: Clara Eugenia NÚÑEZ (2005) “Educación”, Estadísticas Históricas de España, p

7 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (V) Source: Clara Eugenia NÚÑEZ (2005) “Educación”, Estadísticas Históricas de España, p

88 1. Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (VI) Source: Observatorio de la Sostenibilidad de España (2009) “Atlas de sostenibilidad en España”, p. 192, 202 Source: Xavier TAFUNELL (2005) “Urbanización y vivienda”, Estadísticas Históricas de España, p.484

9 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Source: Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley (USA) y Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany). or mortality.de (downloaded ) and personal computing 1. Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (VII)

10 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (VIII) Source: Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley (USA) y Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany). or mortality.de (downloaded ) and personal computing

11 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Source: Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley (USA) y Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany). or mortality.de (downloaded ) and personal computing 1. Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (IX)

12 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Source: Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley (USA) y Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany). or mortality.de (downloaded ) and personal computing 1. Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (X)

13 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva National Immigrants Survey Spain 2007 Eurostat-UNECE Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (XI) Source: Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley (USA) y Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany). or mortality.de (downloaded ) and personal computing

14 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (XII)

15 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (XIII)

16 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (XIV)

17 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (XV)

18 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Overview of Gender and Social Indicators (XVI) Source: INE

19 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva The key point: definitions, concepts and classifications (I) The feminist critique of the categories forming the cornerstone of statistical production: -Work, Family, Household -Sexuality, Reproduction -Time, Care work and activities The deconstruction of the traditional concepts of the family and its archetypal and functional unit: -Family classifications -Names of family positions -Domestic violence

20 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva The key point: definitions, concepts and classifications (II) The Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing September 1995) Other concurrent paths (60’s and 70’s): -Movement of Social Indicators (well-being, approaches): OECD and others -Critical scholars of standard economic categories of production and green economics: Georgescu-Roemer, Naredo.

21 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva The key point: definitions, concepts and classifications (III) The increased demand for new and more relevant measurements of people well-being, social progress and the handling of natural resources: -OECD -European Commission -Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Report (2009). The ILO's decision (2008) to introduce the change in working time and extend productive activities to include volunteer production and unpaid household services.

22 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender statistics in Spain (I) Old efforts: -The Commission on Social Reform ( ). -Institute of Social Reform (10’s and 20’s). 1980s and early 1990s: -Population and Economic Activity Survey, (EUSTAT,1985 ongoing) -Surveys of living conditions (INE, 1985 and Council of Madrid 1989). -Sociodemographic Survey (1991, INE) -Biography, Consciousness, Structure and Class, 1991 (INE- Region of Madrid Statistical Institute-Women’s Institute) -Figures on Women (Women’s Institute, 1983)

23 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva The recent issues: -Surveys on “Violence against Women” (Women’s Institute: 2002, 2002 and 2006). -Law 3/2007 for Effective Equality for Women and Men (Article 20 detailing requirements in the field of official statistics production). -The Women and Men in Spain report, published annually from 2006: Gender statistics in Spain (II)

24 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (I)

25 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (II)

26 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (III)

27 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (IV)

28 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (V) Absolute figures LFS quarterly

29 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (VI) Absolute figures LFS quarterly (only Spanish nationality)

30 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (VII)

31 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (VIII)

32 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (IX)

33 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Gender labour market trends and economic downturn (X)

34 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva To build more detailed information, taking into account that the crisis particularly affects vulnerable groups of people: a.Gender indicators related to perceived income (by individuals and households) and indicators of time use in wider productive tasks. b.Indicators of ownership, use of and access to wealth and capital c.Breaking down the key gender indicators into groups of men and women, mainly by socio-economic classification, educational level and occupation. 5. Challenges and work ahead in Spain (I)

35 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva d.Breaking down the key gender indicators into groups of households, classified by socio-economic status, educational level, generation and immigrant background. e.Increasing the time-series span of the main key indicators with a homogeneous universe or definitions, for correct comparison of the effects of the economic downturn. f.Selective monitoring of certain key indicators at geographical level, using the NUTS standard and the capabilities of Urban Audit indicators. 5. Challenges and work ahead in Spain (II)

36 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Diffusion strategy: -Updated System of Gender Indicators (Women’s Institute). -Renewed Social Indicators of Spain: Inside a network of specialized social indicators in a mature statistical system, sub-set of Education, Health, Gender, Children, Sustainability, etc. Practical improvements: interoperability, continuous updating, SDMX standards, metadata. Annual report and others products. 5. Challenges and work ahead in Spain (III)

37 Gender Statistics and Social Indicators in economic downturns WS GS Geneva Proposals for a general debate: 1)Harmonized definitions and collection of data on violence against women (a possible European Survey project). 2)Greater effort for enlarging the unadjusted Gender Pay Gap. 3)A European Socio-economic Classification. 4)A Web Data Service of Eurostat (and other) statistical information (and metadata). 6. Proposals at international level (I)