Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun.

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Presentation transcript:

Ecosystems

Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun heat

Ecosystems Detritus Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems Detritus Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems Microbes and other detritivores Detritus Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Detritus Ecosystems Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Microbes and other detritivores Sun

Detritus Ecosystems Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Microbes and other detritivores Sun

Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period Ecosystems

Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period. Ecosystems

Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit time. Ecosystems

Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R) NPP = GPP – R Ecosystems

Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R) NPP = GPP – R Ecosystems IMPORTANT

time Ecosystems dissolved oxygen Production can be determined by measuring oxygen production

time Ecosystems dissolved oxygen Initial oxygen level

time Ecosystems dissolved oxygen Change in oxygen level in the light

time Ecosystems dissolved oxygen NPP

time Ecosystems dissolved oxygen Change in oxygen level in the dark NPP

time Ecosystems dissolved oxygen Change in oxygen level in the dark NPP R

time Ecosystems dissolved oxygen Change in oxygen level in the dark GPP

GPP can be measured in: EnergyJ/m 2 /yr Biomass g/m 2 /yr Ecosystems

GPP can be measured in: EnergyJ/m 2 /yr Biomass g/m 2 /yr Biomass is dry weight and includes only new mass. Ecosystems

Limitations on primary production: Light Nutrients (N, P, Fe) Ecosystems

Limitations on primary production: Light Nutrients (N, P, Fe) Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans Ecosystems

Limitations on primary production: Light Nutrients (N, P, Fe) Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans. Eutrophication is overgrowth of algae in lakes and ponds. Ecosystems

Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture Ecosystems

Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture. Ecosystems NPP (g/m 2 /yr) Evapotranspiration (mm)

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels Ecosystems

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels net secondary production assimilation of primary production Ecosystems efficiency =

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels calories eaten calories stored Ecosystems efficiency =

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels calories eaten calories stored Usually less than 20% Ecosystems efficiency =

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels Ecosystems

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels Ecosystems

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels. Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

Biogeochemical cycles Ecosystems

Detritus Ecosystems Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Microbes and other detritivores Sun

Detritus Ecosystems Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Microbes and other detritivores

Detritus Ecosystems Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Microbes and other detritivores Abiotic reservoir Geologic processes

Important cycles: Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus. Ecosystems

Math Review

rB > C

Math Review rB > C ΔN K - N = rN ( ) Δt K

Math Review rB > C ΔN K - N = rN ( ) Δt K NPP = GPP - R

Math Review rB > C net secondary production assimilation of primary production efficiency = ΔN K - N = rN ( ) Δt K NPP = GPP - R.