Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 1 Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.1 The Science of Statistics
1 - 3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.2 Two Types of Statistical Applications
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1 - 6 Example: Cost of physician exam Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
1 - 7 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Example MINITAB graph of the best-selling Girl Scout Cookies
1 - 8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
1 - 9 Example: White blood cell count Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.3 Fundamental Elements of Statistics
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 1.2 A sample of voter registration cards for all registered voters
Population: All diseased persons Sample: 25 people selected at random Experimental unit: One diseased person Variable: White blood cell count Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
Statistical inference might be that the population of ALL diseased individuals has a white blood cell count of 4200 plus or minus 75 with confidence level 95%. Roughly speaking, we are 95% confident that the true value of the population mean lies in the interval 4200 – 75 to , I,e, in the interval [ 4125, 4275 ] Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
An example from Hockey Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
In the previous example ….. Population was all Manitobans Sample was the 802 individuals polled Inference was that 42% of ALL Manitobans believe that the players and owners are equally responsible Measure of reliability was that the pollsters are 95% confident that the estimate of 42% is within 3.5% of the true value Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.4 Types of Data
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Example Survey taken of 1000 StFX students. The information collected included Age Year Gender Major Whether or not they exercised regularly Weight Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.5 Two Different Methods of Collecting Data
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
Example (Observational study) In an effort to understand the link between weight gain and exercise, 100 students are followed for four years, and a record is kept of each student’s weight and the number of minutes they exercised weekly. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Example (Designed experiment) 100 students are selected at random. Half if the students are placed on a regular exercise program and the other half do not participate in any exercise program. Each student’s weight is recorded weekly. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Example from the news last night Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Which type is best??? Each has advantages and disadvantages Usually it is easier and less expensive to do an observational study There may be ethical considerations which prohibit use of a designed experiment. Designed experiments often lead to results with greater statistical significance. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. International Journal of Epidemiology
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking and Ethics 1.6
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Obvious problems with 0n-line polls Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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