prehistoric - The time before there were any written records. migrate - Some Prehistoric people walked across the Beringia Land Bridge. They followed and hunted the giant mammoths. Some prehistoric people used boats like kayaks. Kayaks were probably made from bone frames and covered with animal skins. Animals also migrated across Beringia. ice age - A time when much of the earth was covered with glaciers. WORDS TO KNOW…….. The Common Era." The Common Era begins with the year 1. This is the year we assume Christ was born. Until recently, this period of time has been called "A.D." ("Anno Domini") which is Latin for "in the year of our Lord." C.E. Before the Common Era." Any time before the year 1 is noted as "Before the Common Era." Until recently, this period of time has been called before the Christian Era. B.C.E. CIRCA "At about the time of..."

WORDS TO KNOW…….. CULTURE-- IS A WAY OF LIFE SHARED BY PEOPLE WITH SIMILAR ARTS, BELIEFS, AND CUSTOMS. EXAMPLES? DOMESTICATION– IS THE PRACTICE OF BREEDING PLANTS OR TAMING ANIMALS FOR HUMAN USE. EXAMPLES? IRRIGATION– THE PRACTICE OF BRINGING WATER TO CROPS.

WORDS TO KNOW…….. TECHNOLOGY– IS THE USE OF TOOLS AND KNOWLEDGE TO MEET HUMAN NEEDS. EXAMPLES: SLASH AND BURN AGRICULTURE—FARMERS CHOP DOWN TREES AND THEN BURN THEM ON THE PLOT OF LAND JUST CLEARED.

Mexico footprints could be a giant archaeological step Archaeologists expressed caution Wednesday about the reported discovery of 40,000-year-old human footprints in central Mexico. If the age of the footprints is verified by scientists outside the discovery team, the find would be a scientific blockbuster, rewriting the story of human migration into the New World. Announced 2005/ not verfied Independently! Artifact- tool or object left behind by humans. Discovered by archaeologists who study the past by examining things people left Behind. An international team of archaeologists, led by Silvia Gonzalez of the United Kingdom's Liverpool John Moores University,

THEORIES ABOUT HOW HUMANS ARRIVED IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA? WHAT ARE YOUR IDEAS---

Dates BC Beringia "Land Bridge" Coastal RouteMackenzie Corridor 38,000-34,000accessible (open)openclosed 34,000-30,000submerged (closed)open 30,000-22,000accessible (open)closedopen 22,000-15,000accessible (open)openclosed 15,000 BC - todaysubmerged (closed)open

MAMMOTH MIGRATION

PRE-HISTORIC ENVIRONMENTS

NOMADIC ---HUNTERS AND GATHERS FARMERS----GATHERS----HUNTERS CITY DWELLERS HOW DO GROUPS PROGRESS? WHAT DOES IT TAKE? CIVILIZATION?