Database Fundamentals Knowledge expected for students entering MIS 4663

Information Systems DataProcess InfrastructureOrganization Information System

The SDLC Revision&IterationRevision&Iteration Problem Identification & Planning Understanding the Current Situation Selection of the Best Alternative Business or Logical Requirements Implementation Maintenance Physical Design, Coding & Testing

System An inter-related set of components, with identifiable boundaries, working together for some purpose.

Analysis The process of identifying problems, opportunities, requirements, constraints, and resources.

Design The business of finding a way to meet the functional requirements within the specified constraints using the available technology.

Data Processes Technology Ballpark (Business Scope) Owner (Business Model) Designer (IS Model) Builder (Technology Model) Detailed (Technology Specification) Functional System Lists of entities important to the business Lists of functions that the business performs. (BPM) Overview of technology architecture. E-R Diagrams (Entity Level) E-R Diagrams (Attribute Level) Database Design Schema and Sub-schema Definition Physical Tables Functional Hierarchy Diagram Dataflow Diagrams Process Specifications Program Code Working Application Network or Enterprise communication diagram Installed Infrastructure Configuration Definition Configuration Design Distribution Diagram Zachman Framework

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Often called Waterfall Model Iterative Process Control cost and time Budgets Project timelines and deadlines Works best with well understood systems Employed on most large development projects.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Problem Identification &Planning Selection of Best Approach Business or Logical Requirements Physical Design, Coding and Testing Understanding Current Situation Maintenance Hoffer, George & Valacich Implementation

SDLC Criticisms Process Overhead Significant time and resource costs. Project Milestones Discourages iterative changes to higher level models in light of lower level developments. Not suited for poorly understood systems. Difficult to apply if system requirements are not well defined. Testing Methodology Bottom up testing may result in components that work separately but not together.

Database Fundamentals zE/R Modeling  Decompose a narrative description into a data model that includes entities, relationships and constraints  Use the E/R paradigm to develop enterprise (high level) models, conceptual models, and relational models as needed  Identify attributes and domain constraints for them

Database Fundamentals zNormalization  Decompose a database into 3NF relations from an attribute set.  Use normalization to recognize design errors in existing databases

Database Fundamentals zSQL  Create data access retrievals (SELECT statements) from existing databases. xSingle table queries with conditions (SELECT … WHERE …) xJoins (SELECT … WHERE … KEY1 = KEY2) xSubset and group conditions (SELECT … WHERE … GROUP BY … HAVING …)

Database Fundamentals zAccess programming  Create a multi table database including 1:m and m:n relationships  Create a program that includes forms, reports, macros and navigation using controls

Database Fundamentals For general use zDBMS operation  Understand how database management systems provide concurrency control,  Understand backup and recovery using commits and rollbacks and checkpoints  Understand integrity and how it is managed  Explain other DBMS functions