DNA Technology.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA Technology

Genetic engineering: The application of molecular genetics for practical purposes Examples: Medicine (insulin) Cures for disease Gene therapy Criminal cases agriculture

Genetic engineering

DNA Fingerprinting A pattern of bands made up of specific fragments of a person’s DNA Banding patterns of DNA fragments are compared to establish relatedness Can be used to solve crimes or prove paternity cases

DNA Fingerprinting Steps: (1) Collect sample & Isolate DNA Only a small amount of tissue, like blood, hair, or skin, is needed. For example, the amount of DNA found at the root of one hair is usually sufficient

DNA Fingerprinting (2) DNA is cut using restriction enzymes cut the DNA at specific places For example, an enzyme called EcoR1, found in bacteria, will cut DNA only when the sequence GAATTC occurs

DNA Fingerprinting (3) Fragments of DNA are separated using gel electrophoresis Sorts according to size Samples of DNA being compared are loaded into wells on gel Electric current is run through gel DNA is negatively charged and moves towards positive end of gel Smaller DNA fragments move faster and will travel further along the gel

DNA Fingerprinting (4) Transfer of DNA to nylon (5) Probing The distribution of DNA pieces is transferred to a nylon sheet by placing the sheet on the gel and soaking them overnight (5) Probing Adding radioactive or colored probes to the nylon sheet produces a pattern called the DNA fingerprint. Each probe typically sticks in only one or two specific places on the nylon sheet.

DNA Fingerprinting Trial: (6) DNA fingerprints are compared DNA Fingerprinting Trial: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/analyze.html