Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Industrialisation and the family What does Industrialisation mean?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Gender and Work (1) Dr Rhoda Wilkie SO 1004.
Advertisements

Chapter 11: The American Family
The domestic division of labour debate See accompanying notes throughout this PowerPoint FOTOLIA.
Marriage, Work & Economics Michael Itagaki Sociology 275, Marriage and Family.
Chapter 12 Work and Family. Chapter Outline  The Labor Force - A Social Invention  The Traditional Model: Provider Husbands Homemaking Wives  Women.
Prepared by Dr. Hoda Abdel Azim
Industrialisation, Urbanisation and the family How the family has changed through history and why.
AS Unit 1 Acquiring Culture; Family and Culture Week 5: Conjugal Roles.
Domestic Division of Labour. Evidence for greater equality The 1980s saw the emergence of ‘new man’, someone more in touch with their feminine side, happy.
Sociology Revision Theory, concepts & sociologists.
SOCIOLOGY THE FAMILY.
 Identified a pattern of segregated roles in Bethnal Green.  Men went to work and spent leisure time at the pub  Women stayed at home and.
Question 1 The term cereal packet family refers to…
Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Changing Family Relationships.
Session 1: Barriers to achievement Learning objective: What’s your target? (D-E) Identify barriers to achievement related to gender, age, ethnicity etc.
Dual Income Why and How to Make it Work Balancing Work and Family.
The Role of Women in Victorian Society. Women and the Home Women were thought to have their priority as the home, with a domestic role. This meant they’re.
MARRIAGES, INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS & SOCIETY Unit 3 – Chapter 6.
D Boland.  The roles of women within industry have changed in both developed & developing countries.  Recently, several changes have happened in Ireland.
Contemporary British Culture and Society Chapter 3 Family & Relationship ( 2 ) Sept 2005 Xiao Huiyun.
Gender in the Workplace Presented by Christie Brinkmann.
Families and households
Understanding the Family Roderick Graham. Basic Ideas About The Family Sociologists study the family because it is the primary agent of socialization.
 People live longer – aging population  People who remain single and childless throughout their lives  Divorced  International.
Chapter 10 Families and the Work They Do. Early America Early American family Seasonal work Farming and ranching All family members worked.
 Topics: ◦ Role of women ◦ Role of children ◦ Church understanding of marriage ◦ Cohabitation ◦ Parenting styles.
Marriage and Family. Family What does family mean to you? How many “types” of families can think of?
Gender at Work Gender and Society Week 4. Recap Briefly outlined the development of western feminism Outlined the social construction of gender Considered.
Unit 1 - Family Do now! Describe ways that families have changed since the 1950s. Hint: structures, divorce, fertility, contraception, feminism…
Lesson Starter. What does this picture say about the state of the media and politics in Britain?
Work and Families Mothers enter labor force Implications for family life Marital power and work Role overload, conflict, and spillover Work-family life.
The Family and Industrialisation The relationship between industrialisation and the nuclear family.
Gender Revision Session.
Marriage and Family.
Chapter 15 Families. Chapter Outline Defining the Family Comparing Kinship Systems Sociological Theory and Families Diversity Among Contemporary American.
Conflict Conflict is natural in marriage because of the challenges that individuals face in their lives together!
Marriage, Work, and Economics
Conjugal Roles The division of labour in marriage.
Nuclear /Extended? How and why have they changed?.
SOCIAL MOBILITY What is social mobility? Does it really happen in our society? All to be able to define different types of social mobility and be able.
The American Family 50 years of change. Change… The American family has undergone tremendous change in the last 50 years. Some argue that family life.
Feminism and the family. Feminist writers have had a lot more influence on the family than any other perspective. Feminist perspectives tend to be either.
Jan How useful is this source as evidence about women in the 1950s in Britain? Use details of the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
Objectives Identify and evaluate the work of Parsons. Examine the two functions of the family. Understand the roles of men and women in the household.
Lesson 3 Outcome 3 Changes in Family patterns 1. Last week We looked at at the final perspective on the family for outcome 2. Theories were: Functionalism.
Divorce. 2 Objectives Having viewed this slide show you should be aware: That during the last century, the divorce rate increased dramatically. Currently,
Changing Roles of Men & Women in the UK By the end of this lesson you should be able to: State 3 ways in which attitudes to the role of men & women have.
Starter: Guess which school of thought we are revising today? What gave it away? What sociologist do you link this image with and why? Functionalism.
Feminism and the Household Are couples more equal? Feminist Theory and Studies.
24 MARK PLANS (sociology). Examine the factors affecting power relationships and the division of labour between couples.
The Domestic Labour Debate Since the 1970's the debate about just who is doing what in the household has been gathering momentum.
Family. What is a family? A group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption.
Chapter 15, Families Defining the Family Comparing Kinship Systems Sociological Theory and Families Diversity Among Contemporary American Families Marriage.
Feminism and the family L/O: To understand the feminist approach to the family. Starter: Guess the year when… Women were allowed to vote Laws were introduced.
AS-Level Sociology Bridging Activity: To investigate the view functionalist sociologists take of the family and to evaluate this viewpoint. Mind map the.
CONJUGAL ROLES.
Feminism and the Household
Why and How to Make it Work Balancing Work and Family
FAMILY REVISION Paper 1.
Functionalist views of the family
Feminism and the Household
Why and How to Make it Work Balancing Work and Family
The Sociology of the Family
Family.
6. Marriage Trends in marriage Reasons: 1. Different family structures
6. Marriage Trends in marriage Reasons: 1. Different family structures
Lesson Starter.
6. Marriage Trends in marriage Reasons: 1. Different family structures
Presentation transcript:

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Industrialisation and the family What does Industrialisation mean?

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Activity What would happen if all families were banned by law tomorrow? What tasks currently carried out by your own family would someone else have to perform?

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Talcott Parsons Functionalist Industrialisation has led to the isolated nuclear family In pre-industrial times extended families all lived and work together. The nuclear family has become isolated because 1) Its lost all its functions (we no longer make anything as a family) 2) Status is achieved not ascribed, you no longer need your family to get somewhere in life 3) We need a mobile workforce and so large extended families are not functional. Large families tie you down with lots of responsibility

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Summary of Parson’s The isolated nuclear family is ideally suited to modern industrial society. Although it is slimmed down, it can still perform its essential functions i.e. the socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult personalities

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Peter Laslett Questions the view that everybody lived in a extended family in pre-industrial society. He looked at Parish records He found that only 10% of people in England between the years 1564 and 1821 lived in extended families In 1981 the figure was 9% in England So nuclear families were the norm in pre- industrial England.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY However…….. His research was based on households but people do NOT have to live under the same roof to form a extended family. Extended families may have been important even though relatives did not live under the same roof.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Michael Anderson The early stages of industrialisation may have encouraged the development of extended families census showed that 23% of households contained kin beyond the nuclear family Most of these households were working class. They lived together to help each other in times of hardship.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY What do you think? Which of the three viewpoints do you agree with the most and why? Do you think it is useful to look at families in terms of nuclear and extended?

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Ann Oakley (Women and Industrialisation) During the early years of industrialisation the factory steadily replaced the family as the unit of production. Women were employed in factories where they often continued their traditional work in textiles factory act stopped child labour and so women now had to stay at home to look after the children.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Women were seen as a threat to men in the workforce and many men called for them to be sent home. Laws were past preventing female employment in many industries. In 1851 one in four married women were employed. By 1911 this reduced to one in ten. By 1970 half of all married women were employed but they still saw their role in the home as most important.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Ann Oakley summary Industrialisation had the following effects on the role of women: 1) It separated men from the daily routines of domestic life. 2)The economic dependence of women and children on men. 3) The isolation of housework and childcare from other work. AS A RESULT THE MOTHER-HOUSEWIFE ROLE BECAME THE PRIMARY FOR ALL WOMEN.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Is the position of women changing? In % of married women of working age (16-59) were economically active (in work or seeking work) There’s been a decline of full-time mothers and housewives Celebrity mums racing to get back into their mini-dress and back to work. Commenting on Amanda Holden, back on Britain's Got Talent barely three weeks after an horrific ordeal giving birth to her daughter

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY As the power we command in the role of mother has been rescinded by government and social pressure, and the way in which society views women who choose to stay at home with their family has taken a decidedly negative turn, we find ourselves in a position where motherhood has been 'de-professionalised'. The full time mum just isn't taken seriously anymore - and yet she's so important. Statistics show that 86% of UK families name mum as the primary carer, and a 2008 study demonstrated that most important family decisions - finances, schools, leisure time - are taken by women2008 study Yet 29% of mums work full-time and a massive 63% of married mums with pre-school children work, despite government recommendations that children should have one-to-one care from a family member until they are three.29% of mums work full-time and a massive 63% of married mums with pre-school children work In America, a career woman who becomes a full-time mum is referred to as 'opting out'

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Do you think the position of women in society has really changed? What sort of family would you rather be part of, one where both parents go out to work or one where the mother stays at home? What about the position of men in society, has that changed?

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Families in the 20 th Century There is evidence that the working class family continued well into the 20 th Century. For example in 1950’s Liverpool dock area, in Yorkshire mining towns and in the East end of London. Willmott and Young studied families in the Bethnal Green area of London. (1950’s)

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY They looked at extended families in Bethnal Green and then they looked at families from Bethnal Green who had been rehoused in Greenliegh, a new council estate in Essex. Their family life had become home-centred and privatised. It was now based on the nuclear family. Living 30 miles from Bethnal Green wives lost regular contact with their mothers and became more dependent on their husbands for companionship and support. Husband were cut off from social contacts in Bethnal Green e.g. going to the pub with work mates, and so became more involved in domestic activities.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Goldthorpe and Lockwood In 1969 Goldthorpe and Lockwood’s did research involving highly paid manual workers in Luton. They worked for Vauxhall. Many had moved to Luton in search of better paid jobs. They led privatised, home-centred lives. The home and the nuclear family were the focus of their leisure activities.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY But do we actually have symmetrical families today? Willmott and Young claim that families are now symmetrical, but are they? Fiona Devine (1980’s) repeated Goldthorpe and Lockwood’s study of Vauxhall workers in Luton (which found that working class families had become privatised and nuclear) She said that Goldthorpe and Lockwood exaggerated the extent to which the families had become privatised. Most couples still had regular contact with kin, especially parents. Many had been helped by kin to find jobs and housing when moving to the area.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Research on families with both partners in full-time career jobs suggest that these professional wives are still expected to take major responsibility for dealing with childcare arrangements, sick children and housework. However this is the group that Willmott and Young argued would be most likely to display symmetry in marriage.

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY Criticisms of the view that modern marriages and cohabiting relationships are really more equal. The view that there is more equality in modern family relationships has been subject to very strong criticism, particularly by feminist writers, and there is not really much evidence that the family is now typically "symmetrical". The following summarizes several of these criticisms: 1. Inequalities in the division of labour in the household - Surveys suggest that women still perform the majority of domestic tasks around the home, even when they have paid jobs themselves. This is true even among full-time working women, where one would expect to find the greatest degree of equality. 77% of all women took all or most of the responsibility for household food shopping. In 1997 the Office for National Statistics found that women spend twice as long as men on cooking, cleaning, shopping, washing and looking after the children. Housework is the second largest cause of domestic rows, after money. Crude indicators are often used to measure integrated roles, such as shared friends are often seen as evidence of "jointness", but shared friends may mean the male partner's friends, and involve the woman being cut off from her friends, resulting in more dependence on her male partner and greater inequality. Ann Oakley, a feminist sociologist, argues 72% of married men claim to "help their partners in the home in some way other than washing up at least once a week" but this could mean anything from a quick pass of the vacuum cleaner, to just ironing his own trousers. 2. The unequal distribution of power and authority in marriage and cohabitating relationships 3. The effects of housework and childcare on women's careers Domestic labour 4. The emotional side of family life and women's "triple shift" (Paid employment, Housework and childcare, and Emotional work).

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY

Powerpoint Templates THE MANOR ACADEMY The British Social Attitudes (BSA) This is a survey based on a representative sample of adults aged 18 and over. The 1986 and 1995 surveys looked at frequency of contact with kin. They indicate a significant decline in contact with kin. The most likely explanation is that more women are working outside the home and so don’t have time to see their mothers so much for example.