Economics 172 Issues in African Economic Development Lecture 16 March 14, 2006

Economics 1722 Outline: (1)Introduction to Part II of the course (2)Slavery in African history (3)Impacts of slavery on African economic development (Nunn 2005)

Economics 1723 Schematic Outline of the Course

Economics 1724 Schematic Outline of the Course

Economics 1725 Schematic Outline of the Course

Economics 1726 Schematic Outline of the Course

Economics 1727 Slavery in African history Large numbers of Africans were forcibly enslaved during the 15 th -19 th centuries, starting with the Portuguese in Congo in the 15 th century

Economics 1728 Map of Africa

Economics 1729 Slavery in African history Large numbers of Africans were forcibly enslaved during the 15 th -19 th centuries, starting with the Portuguese in Congo in the 15 th century Atlantic Ocean trade11-13 million Sahara, Red Sea trade5 million Indian Ocean trade2 million TOTAL million

Economics Map of Africa

Economics Slavery in African history At the peak of the trade in the 18 th century, huge numbers of Africans were being captured every year: # people / year (range) ,500-7, ,324-18, ,300-97,469 Late 1800s33,300-50,230

Economics Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas

Economics Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas Pre-existing internal slave networks: in the late 1800s, 18-44% of Africans were slaves of other Africans (based on early European colonial surveys)

Economics Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas Pre-existing internal slave networks Less military might (e.g., compared to Asia)

Economics Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas Pre-existing internal slave networks Less military might (e.g., compared to Asia) Others?

Economics What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization

Economics What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output

Economics What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output Shorter time horizons  less investment Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production

Economics What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output Shorter time horizons  less investment Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production Radical changes in the nature of political power

Economics What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output Shorter time horizons  less investment Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production Radical changes in the nature of political power Breakdown of social cooperation, cultural changes

Economics Whiteboard #1

Economics Whiteboard #2

Economics Whiteboard #3

Economics Whiteboard #4

Economics Whiteboard #5

Economics Map of Africa