Labor Force in North America Learning Target: To evaluate and contrast the different sources of labor used in the English Colonies.

Jamestown, the first successful Virginia settlement, 1608 Early English Settlers The majority of the individuals that came to the English colonies in North America in the 1600s were A) slaves B) priests and missionaries C) prisoners D) indentured servants E) members of the nobility Jamestown, the first successful Virginia settlement, 1608 Answer: D) indentured servants Explanation: In the 17th century nearly two-thirds of those emigrating to English colonies in America were indentured servants who voluntarily gave five to seven years of service in exchange for passage.

Women in Colonial Virginia In 17th century Virginia A) women had no legal rights B) the number of men and women was roughly equal C) most women lived until their 60s D) single adult women and widows could not make contracts or conduct business E) most women came as indentured servants and faced a life of hard labor in the tobacco fields Answer: E) most women came as indentured servants and faced a life of hard labor in the tobacco fields Explanation: Men greatly outnumbered women in 17th century colonial Virginia. While women had limited legal rights, single women (femme soles) enjoyed more of a legal identity than married women, who only could claim one-third of their husband's property if he died before her. The life expectancy of women in Virginia was not long, as most who had come as indentured servants continued to work as tobacco field hands even when after obtained their freedom.

First Source of Labor Native Americans First used by the Spanish Why was this ineffective in the English Colonies? Helped settlers early on Disease Hard to keep captive, could run away easily Eventually some fought back

Indentured Servants How did this system work? Early forms Passage in exchange for labor (5-7 years) Freedom dues Spirits Redemptioners Early forms Patroons- Dutch Engages- French Virginia Company-Jamestown Why didn’t this system last?

Slavery Not a new concept- been around since humans have recorded time Not specific to one society Advantages of slavery Consistent supply of labor- service never expired Would do the work most other people wouldn’t do No protection under English law Difficult to escape into surrounding They are your property Could be bought and sold, investment Other ideas?

Racism Ideology based on the belief that some races are inherently superior to others, so they are entitled to rule over them Not at this time More of an issue of Civilization vs. barbarism Christianity vs. heathenism

Beginnings of Slavery Importance of crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar At first dominated by the Dutch First slaves to arrive 1619- 20 blacks brought to Virginia by the Dutch

What was the difference between a house servant (slave) and a field slave (plantation)?

Keep in mind that commerce was the foundation of the Empire Mercantilism What was it? New economic policy on the basis that England should enjoy the profits from its empire. Influence of Navigation Acts 1660 and 1696 Enumerated goods Transported in English Ships Sold initially in English ports Custom duties paid aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade How did colonies factor into this system? How did this encourage slavery? Keep in mind that commerce was the foundation of the Empire

Bacon's Rebellion Which of the following would have been mostly likely to support the 1676 revolt led by Nathaniel Bacon? (A) a member of the Pamunkey Indian tribe (B) a Virginia farmer upset with the refusal of authorities to deal harshly with Indians (C) Governor William Berkeley (D) a wealthy large plantation owner (E) King Charles II Answer: (B) a Virginia farmer upset with the refusal of authorities to deal harshly with Indians. 100 years before the Declaration of Independence, Virginians revolted against their political leaders (Image Source: Wikimedia Commons--public domain) Explanation: Nathaniel Bacon led a group of Virginia farmers and indentured servants in a series of raids against both Indians and government officials in 1676. Bacon was displeased with Governor Berkeley's relatively friendly attitude towards Indians and took action himself by attacking several Indian tribes. When Bacon demanded that Berkeley retaliate for Indian actions against settlers, the governor refused and Bacon's supporters subsequently chased Berkeley from the capital of Jamestown, which was burned to the ground. Bacon died of dysentery and the rebellion dissipated, but Virginia's wealthier citizens were alarmed at the support Bacon received from indentured servants and poor farmers. Berkeley was recalled from duty by King Charles II.

Virginia Governor William Berkeley's policies Bacon's Rebellion Which of the following is not true of Bacon's Rebellion? A) Bacon's followers burned Jamestown to the ground B) wealthy whites grew fearful of the growing number of discontented poor whites C) Governor Berkeley was accused of favoring Indians at the expense of white settlers D) Bacon gained most of his support from wealthy landowners E) Bacon seized political power in Virginia before British ships arrived and put down the uprising Virginia Governor William Berkeley's policies helped fuel the 1676 crisis Answer: D) Bacon gained most of his support from wealthy landowners Explanation: Wealthy landowner Nathaniel Bacon seized on growing discontent with Governor William Berkeley's Indian policies and the increasing frustration of poor Virginia whites to stage an uprising that led to Berkeley fleeing Jamestown, the capital being destroyed by fire, and British forces being required to restore order. Bacon's followers were mainly poor whites who saw little chance of economic advancement and the inability to take land reserved for Indian tribes.

Reflection Time!!!!! How did Bacon’s Rebellion bring about a change from indentured servants to slavery? Think about: Freedom “English Liberties” Desire to own land

So what are the differences between indentured servants and slaves? The colonies go from a “society with slaves” to a “slave society” How did this increase the demand for the slave trade? Triangular slave trade