Matter Unit Review Study notes, worksheets, reading packet, check ONLINE – this review will be on my wiki site!

Practice Test Questions Fill in the table with info about parts of an atom ImportanceLocationChargeMass Proton Neutron Electron Determine element’s reactivity (how it will bond to another element) Outside nucleus (electron cloud) Negative (-1)Virtually zero Tell the identity of the atom Inside nucleusPositive (+1)Heavy Helps determine mass – important in isotopes Inside nucleusNeutralHeavy

Practice Test Questions Writing questions (Complete sentences) 6+1 Writing Traits: You will be graded on –Ideas and Content (how you explain yourself), –Word Choice (correct use of vocabulary), and –Conventions (spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc.)

Practice Test Questions Compare and contrast elements and atoms Elements – elements are one type of atom Atoms – what elements are made of; the building blocks of matter; contain protons, neutrons and electrons

Practice Test Questions How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other? Different number of neutrons Different atomic mass (protons + neutrons) Number of protons doesn’t change!!!

Practice Test Questions How do atoms or ions combine to form compounds? Chemical bonds

Practice Test Questions What are the kinds of bonds and how do they form? Ionic bonds (move electrons -ions formed- have charge) Covalent bonds (share electrons) Hydrogen bonds (parts of the element become charged) Metallic bonds (metals, like gold, copper, silver, form bonds to each other)

Practice Test Questions Why is sweetened tea considered to be a solution rather than a compound? Sweetened tea is made of sugar dissolved in tea Solutions can be separated, and compounds cannot be separated

Practice Test Questions What makes a solution different from a heterogeneous mixture? Solutions are evenly mixed; can’t see individual components; Heterogeneous unevenly mixed; can see individual components

Practice Test Questions How would you determine if saltwater was a solution, heterogeneous mixture, or a compound? Compounds are chemically bonded and can’t be easily separated – water and salt CAN be separated by boiling the water Decide between solution/heterogeneous: see previous slide

Practice Test Questions List the four types of matter in order from lowest to highest in terms of amount of particle movement Lowest amount of movement= solids High= plasma Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Practice Test Questions As water freezes, what happens to the water molecules that causes ice to float? Molecules move apart, causing ice to be less dense than water When other materials change from liquid to solid, molecules move TOGETHER

Practice Test Questions Properties of a substance that can be observed without changing it into a new substance are… ChemicalorPhysical Properties Physical

Classify the following items into the four types of matter Groundwater Lightning Lava Snow Textbook Ice cap Notebook Apple juice Eraser Glass Cotton Helium Iron oxide (rust) Lake Limestone Water vapor Liquid Plasma Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Gas Solid Liquid Solid Gas

Practice Test Questions What are valence electrons? Electrons in the OUTERmost orbit Why are they important? B O N D I N G ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Practice Test Questions How is the periodic table arranged from left to right? Add one valence electron as you go across How is it arranged from top to bottom? Add one shell (orbit) as you go down

Practice Test Questions What elements are in this compound? How many of that element are there? NaHCO 3 Co Sodium – 1 Hydrogen – 1 Carbon – 1 Oxygen – 3 Cobalt – 1

Practice Test Questions Try this next one that’s more difficult… (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH Carbon – 2, plus 1 (total 3) Hydrogen – 6, plus 1, plus 1 (total 8) Oxygen – 1

Practice Test Questions Are these elements isotopes of each other? Or are they totally different elements? (Recall what an isotope is…) Element 1 has 13 protons and 14 neutrons Element 2 has 13 protons and 13 neutrons They are isotopes (Same # of protons, but DIFFERENT neutrons)

Practice Test Questions Different elements? Or isotopes? Element 3 has 25 protons and 30 neutrons Element 4 has 26 protons and 30 neutrons Different # of protons = different elements! If element 4 had 31 neutrons, but still had 26 protons, does that change your answer? No! Isotopes have to have the SAME # of protons, since a proton determines the identity of the element

Practice Test Questions Different elements? Or isotopes? Element 5 has 41 protons and mass 60 Element 6 has 41 protons and mass 64 Isotopes – same # protons Mass = P+N so Element 6 must have 4 extra neutrons compared to element 5