Innovations of the Industrial Revolution Innovations of the Industrial Revolution Preview: –What was life like in England before the Industrial Revolution? –What was the Agricultural Revolution? How did it impact the Industrial Revolution? –What was the first industry to begin to industrialize?

Factory Work

Steam Engine: New Energy Steam Power

Steam Engine: New Energy Need for Energy:  Early factories relied on horses, water; Needed more power Effects of Steam Engine:  Steam engine invented by James Watt; made production faster and more efficient  Improved mining which was used to fuel other industries

Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution

The Need for Iron and Coal:  Farm tools, factory machines, railways, powers steam engines, used to smelt iron—makes pureEffect: combined  Britain produced more iron than all of other countries of world combined

Transportation

The Need for Better Transportation:  Pre-Industrial transportation relied on horses, mules, dirt roads  Factory owners want to move goods quickly & cheaply to increased profitsInnovations:  Stone, asphalt roads  Canals—man-made rivers  Railroad—first built in 1829

Transportation Effects of Railroads:  Expanded rapidly throughout Britain  Cheaper transportation increased production & profits in factories  RR increased other industries: coal, steam engines, iron, steel

Two New Inventions

Two New Inventions “Concepts” Steel Steel – Henry Bessemer developed steel by adding carbon to hot iron – much stronger & lighter than iron Interchangeable Parts – Interchangeable Parts – Henry Ford developed identical parts to his automobiles that could be easily built on assembly line & easily replaced

Why did Britain lead the Industrial Revolution?

Factors of Production Britain had all of the FACTORS OF PRODUCTION necessary for an Industrial Revolution: land, labor and capital (wealth).

Abundant Natural Resources Industrialized countries needed 3 important natural resources: Water-power Coal Iron Ore

Natural Resources Water power and coal for the new machines Iron ore to construct machines, tools and building Rivers for transportation Harbors for trade

Favorable Geography Britain is an island nation. She had many fine harbors and 6,000 merchant ships. These ships sailed to every part of the globe. Overseas trade gave Britain access to raw materials and markets.

Favorable Climate For New Ideas The British were interested in science and technology. They founded the Royal Society – world famous “club” for exchanging ideas and inventions. The wealthy British invested in new inventions.

Effective Banking System Great Britain had the most highly developed banking system in Europe. Encouraged bank loans to invest in new machinery Loaning money at a reasonable interest rate encouraged people to invest in new inventions. Growing overseas trade

Politically Stable The British lived in a century of peace. No wars occurred ON British soil in the 1700’s. Freedom from the expense of war allowed them to concentrate their money on new technology. Their government favored economic growth. It passed laws supporting and encouraging new investments.

Colonial Empire: Colonies supplied raw materials for manufactured goods Colonies provided markets for finished goods to be sold Advantages of Industrializing First:  No other countries were competing for manufactured goods  Had a monopoly on new technology  Huge profits!!

Inventions Revolutionized the Textile Industry Britain became a world leader in raising sheep Wool became a major trading product Cotton becomes popular for lighter weight clothing

Children Coal Miners