The rock is pushed into the river, then other rocks bang into it and make bits break off then after a long time layers build up and are forced together.The pressure and time make the bits of sand and earth (layers are made of ) into rocks!

Underground, they are formed when the melted rock, called magma, deep within the earth becomes trapped in small pockets. As these pockets of magma cool slowly underground, the magma becomes igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface. When magma appears above the earth, it is called lava. Igneous rocks are formed as the lava cools above ground.

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have changed. The word comes from the Greek "meta" and "morph" which means to change form. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary.

Igneous rocks…… Conglomerate rock has rounded rocks (pebbles, boulders) cemented together in a matrix. Sandstone is a soft stone that is made when sand grains cement together. Sometimes the sandstone is deposited in layers of different colour sand. Shale is clay that has been hardened and turned into rock. It often breaks apart in large flat sections. Limestone is a rock that contains many fossils and is made of calcium carbonate &/or microscopic shells. Gypsum, common salt or Epsom salt is found where sea water precipitates the salt as the water evaporates. Porphory rock is when jagged bits of rock are cemented together in a matrix. Metamorphic rocks….. …. Slate is transformed shale. It splits into smooth slabs. Schist is the most common metamorphic rock. Mica is the most common mineral. Gneiss has a streaky look because of alternating layers of mine Marble is transformed limestone. Quartzite is very hard. Sedimentary rocks… … Granite contains quartz, feldspar & mica Obsidian is nature’s glass. It forms when lava cools quickly on the surface. It is glassy and smooth. Pumice is full of air pockets that were trapped when the lava cooled when it frothed out onto the surface. It is the only rock that floats.

There is a volcano then when the volcano erupts the magma (which was under the ground heating up) will come out flying up high in the air then will come rushing down the mountain (volcano) coming really fast. Then the lava (magma) will eventually cool down and turn into solid molten rock. When the magma gets up to the surface and flows out, like what happens when a volcano erupts, then the liquid is called lava. Lava flows down the sides of the volcano. When it cools & turns hard it is called obsidian, lava rock or pumice - depending on what it looks like.

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have changed. The word comes from the Greek "meta" and "morph" which means to change form. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary, but due to movement of the earth's crust, were changed. If you squeeze your hands together very hard, you will feel heat and pressure. When the earth's crust moves, it causes rocks to get squeezed so hard that the heat causes the rock to change.

The wind and water break down the earth. Then bits of the earth settle in the lakes and rivers. Some layers are formed and they build up. The pressure and time turn the layers of sand and earth into rocks.

WEATHERING IS THE BREAKING DOWN OF ROCKS DUE TO THE WEATHER. FREEZE THAW WEATHERING… Freeze thaw weathering is made by water. There was a crack in the rock then some Water gets into the crack. overnight the water inside the rock freezes. When the rock freezes the rock expands then when the morning comes again the water melts. This continues to happen until the rock breaks. ONION SKIN WEATHERING… First the rock is heated in the day then the rock expands. At night the rock is cold then the rock gets smaller. This is continually happening to the rock. As this happens the rocks skin starts to peel off like onion skin. This usually happens in desert area s were as at night the moon cools it and at day the sun warms it up.

The other type of weathering is biological weathering. Biological weathering is were there is a little crack in a rock. A little seed gets blown into the rock. The seed gets moisture, light and shelter. The little seed grows into a plank and the plants roots break the rock into several pieces. Animals also break the rock up by digging and things. Then the rock get broke as well.

BY MEGAN SANDERSON.

Message from Mr Manson Some really nice work and presentation Megan. You certainly use a lot of pictures in making this story A good balance between the story and information and the pictures help to soften the information I thought this was a really good piece of work Megan, well done! A1