SCHOOL SEGREGATION AND POVERTY

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Presentation transcript:

FINANCING AND GOVERNING AMERICA’S SCHOOLS Chapter 7 Teachers, Schools, and Society A Brief Introduction to Education David Miller Sadker Karen R. Zittleman

SCHOOL SEGREGATION AND POVERTY 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% 100 Percentage of students in school who are black or Latino Percentage of schools with majority in poverty

THE PUBLIC EDUCATION DOLLAR: WHERE THE MONEY COMES FROM Source: Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Educational Statistics Common Core Data, “National Public Education Financial Survey,” U.S. Department of Education, 2000-01.

THE PUBLIC EDUCATION DOLLAR: WHERE THE MONEY GOES Source: Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Educational Statistics Common Core Data, “National Public Education Financial Survey,” U.S. Department of Education, 2000-01.

DOES MONEY MATTER? Horatio Alger Myth Genetics Culture of Local Control Poverty Flawed Studies Previous Funding Increases Have Not Resulted in Achievement Gains

PUBLIC OPINION ON EDUCATION SPENDING 8% 24% 60% 5% 26% 61% 6% 32% 50% 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Federal State Local Too much About the right amount Too little Source: National Education Association, Voter Commitment to Public Education, 2002, www.nca.org

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IMPACT THE CONDITION OF SCHOOLS VENTILATION HEATING INDOOR AIR QUALITY ACOUSTICS OR NOISE CONTROL PHYSICAL BUILDING SECURITY LIGHTING CONDITIONS Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics, Fast Response Survey System, Survey on the Condition of Public School Facilities, 1999.

STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL STATE SCHOOL SYSTEM Source: Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Educational Statistics Common Core Data, “National Public Education Financial Survey,” U.S. Department of Education, 2000-01.

WHO CONTROLS WHAT? STATE GOVERNMENTS Levy taxes License teachers and other educators Set standards for school attendance, safety, etc. Outline minimum curricular and graduation standards (sometimes including specific textbooks to be used and competency tests for student graduation and teacher certification) Regulate the nature and size of local school districts

WHO CONTROLS WHAT? LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS Implement state regulations and policies Create and implement local policies and practices for effective school administration Hire school personnel Provide needed funds and build appropriate facilities Fix salaries and working conditions Translate community needs into educational practice Initiate additional curriculum, licensing, or other requirements beyond state requirements Create current and long-range plans for the school district

ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Source: National Association of Elementary School Principals, Educational Research Service (2000-2001).

ELEMENTARY PRINCIPALS AND POWER Q: What is your level of authority in selecting teachers for your school? Have primary authority 45% 22% 29% 4% Share authority with others in school Share authority with central office Have little or no authority Q: Over what percent of your school’s budget do you have decision- making authority? 67% <25% 25 to 49% 11% 7% 15% 50 to 75% 76 to 100% Q: Is the authority to run your school in balance with the degree to which the school board and central administration hold you responsible when things go wrong? Yes 72% No 28% Source: National Association of Elementary School Principals, Educational Research Service (2000-2001).

WHAT PRINCIPALS EARN Average salary Elementary $76,144 Middle School $81,514 $86,938 Elementary Middle School High school Average salary Source: National Association of Elementary School Principals, Educational Research Service (2004-2005).