W. Morse May 15, Colliding 5nm Beams at the International Linear Collider William Morse Brookhaven National Lab

W. Morse May 15, Outline of the Talk International Linear Collider See: “Physics Opportunities with a TeV Linear Collider”, Sally Dawson and Mark Oreglia, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 54:269 (2004), “Linear Collider Physics in the New Millennium”, A. Soni et al., World Sci. (2005) Colliding 5nm e + e - beams

W. Morse May 15, High Energy Colliders ColliderParticleE cm (TeV) YearsLum (cm -2 s -1 ) Tevatron (Fermi, US) P-P+P-P fb -1 /sy LHC (CERN, SW) PP  fb -1 ILC (?)e+e-e+e  fb -1

W. Morse May 15, Recent e + e - Colliders ColliderSLAC B (USA) KEK B (Japan) SLC (USA) LEP 1-2 (CERN) E cm (TeV) polarized Years ?

W. Morse May 15, PDG: Z precision comes from SLC/ LEP

W. Morse May 15, Exploring the TeraVolt Scale Protons are made up of quarks and gluons Average quark or gluon carries  10% of the proton’s energy LHC:  1B uninteresting events/s, ie. need a trigger e+e- converts all the beam energy into the collision energy ILC: No uninteresting events/s, ie. no trigger! Polarized electron positron beams ILC dL/L  3  LHC dL/L  0.1

W. Morse May 15, JoAnne Hewett’s Slide Common feature of many models is a contact interaction type signature new gauge bosons, large extra dimensions, compositeness, leptoquarks, string excitations, …. -

W. Morse May 15, 20078

9 International Linear Collider International from the start! New paradigm for HEP Global Design Effort of Asia, Europe, America 2007 Reference Design Report – done! 2009 Engineering Design Report 2010 Tevatron/LHC Higgs physics results, ILC site selection, International funding agreement ? Construction?? 2019 First Run ???

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W. Morse May 15,

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W. Morse May 15, Physics - Higgs Mechanism Proposed by Peter Higgs almost fifty years ago Spontaneous symmetry breaking to give particles mass LEP direct search limit: M H >0.115TeV Precision Electro-Weak Measurements at Tevatron /LEP/SLC: M H < 0.2 TeV from virtual processes Does nature give mass through Peter Higg’s mechanism? Only fundamental particle in the standard model with spin zero! Only particle in the standard model where the coupling constant is proportional to mass.

W. Morse May 15, LHC2ILC Fermilab Apr Reconstruct Higgs mass with collinear approximation 30 fb -1 H(   ll) +  2jets (VBF) H(   lh) +  2jets (VBF)

W. Morse May 15, ILC with no trigger

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W. Morse May 15, ILC can vary beam energy

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W. Morse May 15, Hints of SUSY? BNL measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (2004): a exp = (6) a SM = (6) SUSY theorists relieved! a susy  tan  /M TeV < M susy < 0.47TeV J. Miller, E. De Rafael, B. Roberts, hep-ph (2007) Review Article.

W. Morse May 15, D0 Z+H  bb Search

W. Morse May 15, Nominal ILC Parameters ParameterILC (0.5TeV)SLC (0.09TeV) Luminosity 2  cm -2 s -1 2  cm -2 s -1 BX/s15K.12K yy 5nm500nm xx 1500nm e/BX 2   10 10

W. Morse May 15, Feedback SLC found they needed feedback to optimize the luminosity with  1  m beams – mainly beam position monitors (BPM). What detectors do we need to stabilize the beams at the 5nm level to achieve the design luminosity? 100V kicker.

W. Morse May 15, BNL Magnet Division Position Stability

W. Morse May 15, Achieving the ILC Luminosity Will Be a Challenge Bunch P - (t) {N, E, x, y, z,  x,  y,  z,  xy,  x,  y } Bunch P + (t) {N, E, x, y, z,  x,  y,  z,  xy,  x,  y } Beam motion >> 5nm! Instantaneous Luminosity: x y

W. Morse May 15, Beam-strahlung Gammas F = e(E + c  B) E = 0, B max  1KT P   3% P e  0.4MW N   1.5N e  3  /BX

W. Morse May 15, Beam-strahlung Pairs Bethe-Heitler:  e → e e + e -  BH  38 mb  1GeV Landau-Lifshitz: ee → ee e + e -  LL  19 mb  0.15GeV Breit-Wheeler:  e + e -  BW  1 mb  10 4 e + e - /BX Maximum P T = 0.1 GeV/c

W. Morse May 15, Beam-strahlung Pairs

W. Morse May 15, Bethe-Heitler Pairs  e → e e + e - For left and right detectors separately: N + /  x  y and N - /  x  y.

W. Morse May 15, Vertical offset E BeamCal (TeV)

W. Morse May 15, Vertical Offset R (10 -6 )

W. Morse May 15, Bunch Height

W. Morse May 15, Bunch Length

W. Morse May 15, Forward Calorimeters LumiCal – forward Bhabhas for precision integrated luminosity measurement BeamCal – beam-strahlung pairs for instantaneous luminosity GamCal - beam-strahlung gammas for instantaneous luminosity

W. Morse May 15, International FCAL R&D Coll. W. Lohmann (DESY Zeuthen) spokesman W. Morse (BNL) beam diagnostics (BeamCal/GamCal) coordinator B. Pawlik (Cracow) simulations coordinator W. Lange (DESY) sensors coordinator TBD electronics coordinator W. Wierba (Cracow) LumiCal laser alignment coordinator

W. Morse May 15, U.S. Forward (SiD) W. Morse (BNL): Coordinator G. Haller, A. Abusleme, M. Breidenbach, D. Freytag (SLAC): BeamCal readout design Z. Li (BNL): BeamCal radiation damage issues B. Parker (BNL): machine interface issues M. Zeller, G. Atoian, V. Issakov, A. Poblaguev (Yale): GamCal design Y. Nosochkov (SLAC): Extraction line issues U. Nauenberg (Colorado): SUSY studies

W. Morse May 15, BeamCal.003 <  <.02 rad  3.5m from IR Measure the 10 4 beam-strahlung e + e - pairs/BX for beam diagnostics 2-10MGy/year Beam diagnostics and hermeticity for SUSY searches.

W. Morse May 15, Collaboration High precision design DESY-PRC2006

W. Morse May 15, GamCal Detector  180m from IR  X 0 to convert beam-strahlung gammas into e + e - pairs Converter could be gas jet or a thin solid converter Magnet to separate pairs from beam electrons!  3  beamstrahlung gammas (  2 GeV)  2  beam electrons (  0.2 TeV) Evaluate the effect of beam electrons going through conveter

W. Morse May 15, Beam-strahlung  Z  eeZ

W. Morse May 15, GamCal Backgrounds

W. Morse May 15,  Z  eeZ vs. eZ  eZee Electron carries virtual gammas Landau Lifshitz conversion of virtual gammas

W. Morse May 15, Ratio of  Z  eeZ vs. eZ  eZee

W. Morse May 15,  Production Compared to ee  p  eep   10 mb  p   N   0.5 mb in Δ resonance region  p   N   0.1 mb E > 4GeV ep  e  N   mb Thus ep  e  N is negligible

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W. Morse May 15, Yale IBS Design

W. Morse May 15, Feed-back with Luminosity Detectors

W. Morse May 15, Conclusions We have designs for beam-strahlung pair and gamma detectors. Studies, simulations continuing. Ratio of the beamstrahlung pairs (BeamCal) to gammas (GamCal) is largely proportional to the instantaneous luminosity. Use feedback to bring 5nm beams into collision at maximum luminosity

W. Morse May 15, Extra Slides

W. Morse May 15, ILC Timeline Reference Design 2007 Engineering Design 2009 Site selection, LHC Physics results, International Funding Agreement 2010 Construction Starts 2011 Construction Ends 2018 First Run 2019

W. Morse May 15, 1  21  2 + - y z

W. Morse May 15, Perfect Collisions

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