Early nest environment and genes have lifetime effects on the expression of a colorful sexual signal Joey K. Hubbard, Brittany R. Jenkins, Rebecca J. Safran.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

GENETICS AND VARIABILITY IN CROP PLANTS. Genetics and variability of traits are grouped by:  Qualitative traits Traits that show variability that can.

Advertisements

Pleiotropy: One gene influences more than one trait

Chapter 6: Quantitative traits, breeding value and heritability Quantitative traits Phenotypic and genotypic values Breeding value Dominance deviation.

Lecture 4: Basic Designs for Estimation of Genetic Parameters

Female reproductive success is largely determined by parental effort Male reproductive success is largely determined by mating effort Because females.

[Review] Evolution by Natural Selection tends to make the mean phenotype converge on the optimum. Sexual reproduction continually generates variation around.

Genesis 25: And when her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her womb. 25 And the first came out red, all over like.

Quantitative genetics

Chapter 7 Quantitative Genetics Read Chapter 7 sections 7.1 and 7.2. [You should read 7.3 and 7.4 to deepen your understanding of the topic, but I will.

Conifer Translational Genomics Network Coordinated Agricultural Project Genomics in Tree Breeding and Forest Ecosystem Management.

Quantitative Genetics Up until now, we have dealt with characters (actually genotypes) controlled by a single locus, with only two alleles: Discrete Variation.

Quantitative Genetics Theoretical justification Estimation of heritability –Family studies –Response to selection –Inbred strain comparisons Quantitative.

Genetic & environmental contributions to a divergent plumage trait in barn swallows Joanna Hubbard, Amanda Hund, Tomas Albrecht, & Rebecca Safran University.

Sexual Selection Variance in reproductive success

Sexual Selection Natural Selection: Individual Lifetime Reproductive Success Survival, Reproduction Tradeoff Greater Current Reproduction vs Survival (Future.

Genetic & environmental contributions to a divergent plumage trait in barn swallows Joanna Hubbard, Amanda Hund, & Rebecca Safran University of Colorado.

Utilizing DNA testing in identifying multiple gene traits Prof Norman Maiwashe 1,2 (PhD, Pri Sci Nat) 1 ARC-Animal Production Institute 2 Dept. of Animal,

Ecological Mechanisms of Adaptation in Red Squirrels Andrew McAdam Michigan State University.

Lecture 4: Heritability. Heritability Narrow vs. board sense Narrow sense: h 2 = V A /V P Board sense: H 2 = V G /V P Slope of midparent-offspring regression.

Lecture 4: Basic Designs for Estimation of Genetic Parameters.

Quantitative Genetics

Coeffecient of relatedness and predictions of complex genetic influences The coefficient of relatedness (r) between two individuals is defined as the percentage.

Quantitative Genetics in Red Squirrels: mechanisms of adaptation Basics Red squirrel examples –Parturition date –Growth rate Genomics and the future Andrew.

BEEF CATTLE GENETICS By David R. Hawkins Michigan State University.

Chuanyu Sun Paul VanRaden National Association of Animal breeders, USA Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, USA Increasing long term response by selecting.

ConceptS and Connections

Chapter 1: Introduction  Danish production- and family animal population  Evolution and breeding  Phenotype, genotype and environmental heritability.

Squirrel Genetics (University of Sheffield) Melissa Gunn, Dave Coltman, Jon Slate, Andrew Leviston.

Quantitative Genetics

1 Phenotypic Variation Variation of a trait can be separated into genetic and environmental components Genotypic variance  g 2 = variation in phenotype.

Genetics of Quantitative Traits. Quantitative Trait Any trait that demonstrates a range of phenotypes that can be quantified Height Weight Coloration.

Announcements. tarantula hawk red shouldered hawk emperor penguin Parental care Very costly behavior - time - energy - vulnerable to predation earwig.

PBG 650 Advanced Plant Breeding

Trait evolution Up until now, we focused on microevolution – the forces that change allele and genotype frequencies in a population This portion of the.

Quantitative Genetics

Correlated characters Sanja Franic VU University Amsterdam 2008.

Heritability of a sexually selected melanin-based trait in North American Barn Swallows, Hirundo rustica ertythrogatser Joanna K. Hubbard, Brittany R.

How Does Additional Information Impact Accuracy? Dan W. Moser Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University, Manhattan

Fluctuating asymmetry and fitness in pied flycatchers Leif Christian Stige – University of Oslo Courtship, nest box 248 (he succeded.

Question: How heritable is a sexually-selected plumage color trait? Background: To see an evolutionary response to selection, a trait must be heritable.

Male Mate Preference Female rump and chest coloration does not influence male mate preference: Figure 4: Average male preference for each treatment (1)

Male mate choice based on sexually selected traits in female eastern bluebirds, Sialia sialis Joanna K. Hubbard & John P. Swaddle Biology Department, College.

Relative Importance of Three Traits: Banding extent, banding symmetry and song rate, on the mate choice of female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).

CEA International Workshop - August 3-5, Population, Quantitative and Comparative Genomics of Adaptation in Forest Trees Quantitative Genetics.

NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PHENOTYPES Mice Fruit Flies In:Introduction to Quantitative Genetics Falconer & Mackay 1996.

Advanced Animal Breeding

Female coloration, sexual selection, and male mate choice in eastern bluebirds, Sialia sialis Joanna K. Hubbard & John P. Swaddle Biology Department, College.

NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PHENOTYPES

PBG 650 Advanced Plant Breeding

Gene-environment interaction

Genotypic value is not transferred from parent to

NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PHENOTYPES

Genetics: Analysis and Principles

Quantitative and Behavior Genetics

Quantitative Variation

Quantitative genetics

Statistical Tools in Quantitative Genetics

Spring 2009: Section 5 – Lecture 1

Genotypic value is not transferred from parent to

The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance

Genetics of qualitative and quantitative phenotypes

Complex Traits Qualitative traits. Discrete phenotypes with direct Mendelian relationship to genotype. e.g. black or white, tall or short, sick or healthy.

Alternative hypotheses (i. e

Pi = Gi + Ei Pi = pi - p Gi = gi - g Ei = ei - e _ _ _ Phenotype

Statistical Tools in Quantitative Genetics

Genotypic value is not transferred from parent to

Chapter 7 Beyond alleles: Quantitative Genetics

Heritability h2 = VA/Vp Proportion of total phenotypic variance attributed to variation in breeding values. Expresses the extent to which genes are transmitted.

Heritability h2 = VA/Vp Proportion of total phenotypic variance attributed to variation in breeding values. Expresses the extent to which genes are transmitted.

Presentation transcript:

Early nest environment and genes have lifetime effects on the expression of a colorful sexual signal Joey K. Hubbard, Brittany R. Jenkins, Rebecca J. Safran Animal Behavior Society July 30, 2013

Phenotypic Variation

Genes Selective pressure Phenotypic change over generations Environment Environmental change Phenotypic change over a short time period

Sexually-Selected Traits Phenotypic Variation Environmental Control Genetic Control Indirect Benefits Direct Benefits

Colorful Plumage Traits

Melanin-Based Color

North American Barn Swallows Sexual trait Socially Monogamous Extra-pair paternity Monitoring Boulder County breeding population since 2008 Safran & McGraw 2004; Safran et al. 2005

Determined paternity using microsats Pedigree 530 offspring with 111 mothers and 98 fathers

Animal Model Univariate animal model to partition sources of variance for each color descriptor Determine key variance components Calculate variance ratios V P = V A + V T + V CE + V ME + V R

Variance Ratios h2h2 V A /V P : Narrow sense heritability t2t2 V T /V P : Effect of seasonal variation ce 2 V CE /V P : Effect of common environment me 2 V ME /V P : Effect of maternal environment V P = V A + V T + V CE + V ME + V R

Influences on Juvenile Color Variance RatiosAvg. Brightness h 2 heritability 0.10 (0.23) t 2 seasonal effect 0.05 (0.04) ce 2 common environment 0.11 (0.08) me 2 maternal environment 0.05 (0.09) Hubbard et al. in prep (Standard Error)

Influences on Juvenile Color Variance RatiosAvg. BrightnessHue h 2 heritability 0.10 (0.23) (7.1e -09 ) t 2 seasonal effect 0.05 (0.04)0.03 (0.04) ce 2 common environment 0.11 (0.08)0.09 (0.08) me 2 maternal environment 0.05 (0.09) 0.12 (0.07) Hubbard et al. in prep (Standard Error)

Influences on Juvenile Color Variance RatiosAvg. BrightnessHueChroma h 2 heritability 0.10 (0.23) (7.1e -09 ) 0.19 (0.15) t 2 seasonal effect 0.05 (0.04)0.03 (0.04)0.05 (0.04) ce 2 common environment 0.11 (0.08)0.09 (0.08)0.13 (0.08) me 2 maternal environment 0.05 (0.09) 0.12 (0.07) (7.5e -08 ) Hubbard et al. in prep (Standard Error)

Within-Individual Variation Hatch YearSecond Year Year 1 Year 2 54 individuals (out of ~4000 nestlings) 205 individuals

Within-Individual Variation Hatch YearSecond Year

Within-Individual Variation bR2R2 p Brightnes s < Hue Chroma < Hatch Year to Second Year

Within-Individual Variation bR2R2 p Brightnes s < Hue Chroma < bR2R2 p Brightnes s < Hue Chroma < Year 1 to Year 2 Hatch Year to Second Year

Summary Genetic Variation Environmental Variation Maternal Environment ✔✔

For the Swallows Early environment has long-term effects on signal development Females gain both indirect and direct benefits

Heritability Estimates Ignoring other sources of non-independence results in overestimation of heritability AM with environment AM no environment P-O Regression Sibling Correlation h 2 = 0.10h 2 = 0.45h 2 = 0.36h 2 = 0.84 Average Brightness

Cross-fostering experiments Experimentally tease apart effects of shared genes and shared environment Explore specific environmental influences

Thanks! Funding: American Ornithologists Union Animal Behavior Society CU EBIO Department CU Graduate School NSF CU BURST and UROP programs Lab and Field Help: Amazing Field Crews!Site Owners Stephen AlderferMonica Brandhuber Andrew FlynnAmanda Hund Eric LordJulie Marling Liz ScordatoAudrey Tobin Ty TuffCourtney van der Linden Rachel WildrickMatt Wilkins Photo Credit: Matt Wilkins Ian Harold

Quantitative Genetics Variance Components Avg. BrightnessHueChroma Trait Mean 29.98% (0.015) nm (0.04)0.41 (5.04e -5 ) VAVA 5.91 (12.82) p = e -05 (3.81e -06 ) p = e -04 (9.44e -05 ) p = VTVT 2.97 (2.55) p = (20.15) p = e -05 (2.63e -05 ) p = V CE 6.46 (4.57) p = (38.22) p = e -05 (4.80e -05 ) p = V ME 2.57 (5.39) p = (35.40) p = e -10 (4.43e -11 ) p = VRVR (8.14) (26.93)3.86e -04 (6.50e -05 ) VPVP (0.303) (0.088)6.09e -04 (1.06e -04 )

Adult Color Proxy Hubbard et al. in prep