Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013 LIDAR at Arecibo Observatory and The Puerto Rico Photonics Institute Jonathan Friedman Shikha Raizada Craig Tepley Raul Garcia Freddy Perez and Joseph Serrano

What is LIDAR? Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

Why Different Colors? Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

Atmospheric Structure and LIDAR Meteor Region

What is the added value of lidar for Arecibo Observatory? The ISR is sensitive to ions The lidar is sensitive to neutral atoms and molecules, and one specific ion can be studied – Ca + Airglow can study specific height ranges, lidar can probe inside and outside those ranges. Under certain circumstances, lidar and radar, lidar and airglow, or all three can study the same parameters. This allows confirmation (or not) of measurements. Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

What do we study with lidar? Atmospheric Dynamics Atmospheric Chemistry Global Change Sun-Earth Interactions Also … – Sahara dust – Cirrus clouds – Water vapor Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

Ca + LIDAR Electrons Radar K LIDAR Simultaneous Lidar and Radar Observations from June June June 2002 Tepley et al., 2003

Temperatures, Neutral, and Ions Delgado et al., 2012

The Puerto Rico Photonics Institute The only center for photonics research, development, education and training in Puerto Rico. A magnet for industry A partner for research and education Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

What is Photonics Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013 Photonics is the manipulation of light for technology development, science, and other applications. It is used in Communications, navigation, displays, remote sensing, biotech, medical devices, defense, security, energy, astronomy, space weather, computing, lighting, materials processing, environment, transportation, entertainment, computer- aided design…

What tools does Photonics Employ? Lasers of all types ( from DVD players to welding ) Fiber optics Sensors, such as CCDs (a gift from astronomy) Electronics, to connect optical signals to devices Optical components (lenses, mirrors, etc.) Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

Photonics as a Career Fast-growing technologies ⇒ Workforce needs Fascinating work ⇒ Lasers, sensors, meta- materials, holograms, fibers, spectrum generation … High salaries ⇒ Orlando, FL photonics companies pay >$40k/year for technicians with AAS degrees & little experience Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

What is the Puerto Rico Photonics Institute (PRPI)? The only center for photonics research, development, education and training in Puerto Rico. A magnet for industry A partner for research and education Links: Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

Education and Training Certificates Associate Degrees Master’s Degrees Lasers, Fibers, Laser Gyros, Spectroscopy, Optical Design, Remote Sensing All courses will be taught in English All degrees and certificates will require research participation Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

Research Current – Remote Sensing ⇒ LIDAR at Arecibo, elsewhere – Aerospace Photonics ⇒ Laser gyroscopes for navigation and sensors Future – Space Weather ⇒ Monitoring stations, prediction center – High power lasers – Biophotonics ⇒ A hot field. We will look to add this to our research portfolio. – … Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

PRPI is supported by grants from … SUAGM $1.5M The Puerto Rico Science, Research, and Technology Trust $210K The Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company $273K MIT Draper Laboratory $65K ($130K) The National Science Foundation $660K Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

Photo: Chris Gunn Photo ©Tachi Laboratory, U. Tokyo Photo: J. Friedman, Arecibo