CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.1 Protective Systems

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.2 Objectives (1 of 4) Identify the value of protective systems in protecting life and property. Identify and explain the operation of the various types of detection devices. Explain and recognize the types of sprinkler heads and how they operate.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.3 Objectives (2 of 4) Identify the various types of sprinkler systems and the components of each type. Identify the piping arrangements of sprinkler systems and connections. Demonstrate how to connect to a fire department connection. Identify control valves for systems and explain their operation.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.4 Objectives (3 of 4) Explain the methods used to return a sprinkler system to service. Demonstrate techniques for stopping a flowing sprinkler head. Identify standpipe classes and types of systems. Identify piping and connections for standpipe systems.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.5 Objectives (4 of 4) Demonstrate how to connect supply and attack lines to standpipe connections. Identify alarm systems for protective systems. Explain fire department procedures at protective properties. Identify other protective systems, their components, benefits, and hazards.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.6 Introduction (1 of 2) Protective systems help protect lives and property. Suppression systems are devices that help control fires. –Also called auxiliary appliances Some systems require manual activation, while others can detect a fire automatically.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.7 Introduction (2 of 2) Sprinklers and standpipes are two main suppression systems. Most systems use water; however, chemicals and other agents can be used.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.8 Sprinkler Head Design and Operation (1 of 2) Sprinkler heads are the key component of the system. Heat sensitive parts usually detect heat and apply water to the fire. Sprinkler heads come in many designs. Standard sprinklers are marked with SSU or SSP on the deflector.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 12.9 Sprinkler Head Design and Operation (2 of 2) Operation of a sprinkler head begins with the fusible element reaching is fusing point. There are three types of fusing elements. Fusible link Bulb filled Chemical pellet

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Sprinkler Head Types

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Sprinkler Head Parts

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (1 of 3) The connections and piping for a sprinkler system provide water to the heads. On some systems, a fire pump may be included. A secondary water source is a fire department siamese connection. Fire department connection can supply system even if main control valve is closed.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (2 of 3) Most systems also have a backflow preventer. System may have other control and check valves. Main control valve is below riser that feeds the cross mains and branch lines. Tamper alarms alert the alarm company whenever someone operates the valve.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (3 of 3) Firefighters should be able to connect a supply line to a sprinkler or or standpipe. When connecting to a siamese, use the outlet on the far left first.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Control Devices for Sprinkler Systems There are three main control devices for sprinkler and standpipe systems. –Outer screw & yoke (OS&Y) –Post indicator valve (PIV) –Wall indicator valve (WAV)

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Fire Protection Valves

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (1 of 3) Most departments do not service sprinkler systems. Fire departments stop the flowing head or shut the system down. Firefighters must know how to shut down either individual heads or the entire system. Fire step is to shut down any pumper supplying the system.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (2 of 3) The main sprinkler or a sectional valve should be shut down and drained. Valves must be reset and opened once sprinkler heads are replaced. Sprinkler tongs or wooden wedges can be used to stop a sprinkler. Water flow may also be stopped by shutting down the main sprinkler valve or a floor or sectional valve.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (3 of 3) You can replace heads, once a system is shut down and drained. Slowly refill the system. If system cannot be restored, a fire watch will be needed.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Stopping Water Flow

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Standpipe Classifications (1 of 3) Standpipe systems in large buildings prepipe water lines for fire streams. Some systems allow both occupants and firefighters to use them. Tunnel systems and shopping malls have horizontal standpipe systems. Standpipe systems are classified by type of user and requirements for volume and size.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Standpipe Classifications (2 of 3) Class I systems are designed for trained personnel. Class II systems are designed for use by untrained building occupants. –May be used by a trained or untrained person Class III systems are used by trained or untrained personnel, but meet Class I requirements for flow.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Standpipe Classifications (3 of 3) An automatic wet pipe system has a water supply. Automatic dry and semiautomatic dry pipe use dry pipe until a hose station is opened. Semiautomatic systems require an activation valve to be opened manually. Manual dry pipe relies on the fire department connection for water supply.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Standpipe System Connections and Piping (1 of 2) Standpipe systems range from very simple to complex systems. Standpipe systems include piping, outlets with hose, valves, fire department connections, and monitoring devices. Piping includes the riser or risers and any attachments needed.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Standpipe System Connections and Piping (2 of 2) Outlets may be in building stairwell or wall- mounted cabinet. Pressure regulating device should be attached to the outlet. Standpipe valves are similar to sprinkler systems. Fire department connection is an inlet or siamese device.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Class I Standpipe System

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Class II Standpipe System

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Alarms for Standpipes and Sprinklers (1 of 2) Alarms and monitoring systems are found in most sprinkler and standpipe systems. Sprinkler systems are both detection and suppression devices. Occupant-used standpipe systems should be monitored. Gate valve may activate standpipe system.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Alarms for Standpipes and Sprinklers (2 of 2) Water flow alarms are also electrical or mechanical. Alarm company notifies fire department. Alarm company responds to tamper alarms.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Other Protective Systems Many other protective systems are in use today. Firefighters need to be familiar with most common types. If responding to more complex system, personnel should be familiar with them.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Local Application and Hood Systems System is designed for a certain location. Most systems use dry or wet chemical agents. Used for Class K fires.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Total Flooding Systems Used to protect entire area room or building. Use CO 2 or other inert gases, halogenated or clean agents, dry chemicals, or foam.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Summary (1 of 2) Protective systems are designed to detect and/or suppress a fire. Value and operation of these systems must be understood. Sprinkler systems are used for detection and suppression. There are four main types of systems.

CHAPTER 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning Summary (2 of 2) Standpipes supply water to large buildings. Building occupants can also use standpipe systems as well as firefighters. Standpipe operations require careful coordination. Other systems detect fire and apply extinguishing agent. Kitchens usually have hood systems; other systems are used to protect valuables.