Media and Politics in Canada Pol Sci 220 St Francis Xavier University February 2008

Media and Politics in Canada : Topics Covered Roles of the Media in politics Structure of Canadian media industry Economic factors Legal and regulatory issues The exploding impact of technology Practical considerations about newsgathering The ideological impact of the media

Media’s role in politics Direct roles Reportage, news gathering and editing Reportage, news gathering and editing Investigative journalism Investigative journalism Political and policy commentary Political and policy commentary

Media’s role in politics Indirect effects A self-appointed defender of democracy A self-appointed defender of democracy framing the public agenda framing the public agenda a conservative institution reflecting dominant social values a conservative institution reflecting dominant social values Shaping the message through the medium (technology) – major impact on the nature of political communication Shaping the message through the medium (technology) – major impact on the nature of political communication

The Structure of the Canadian Industry Concentrated ownership of TV and radio, with competition from cable and internet Concentrated ownership of TV and radio, with competition from cable and internet Major access for US based TV and radio, cable and internet news providers Major access for US based TV and radio, cable and internet news providers Concentrated ownership of newspapers through chains Concentrated ownership of newspapers through chains Dominance of “national” newspapers – Globe and Mail, National Post Dominance of “national” newspapers – Globe and Mail, National Post Important role of CBC / Radio Canada Important role of CBC / Radio Canada

Economic factors affecting the media industry Most media outlets need to turn a profit: and most are very profitable. A very rapid pace of technological change Global convergence strategies: news and entertainment Role of public broadcasters: essential coverage and competition in underserved markets Advertising as driver of profitability -- influences content?

Legal and Regulatory Issues Federal government regulates bandwidth, television signals The print media and broadcasting are largely self-regulated. The special mandate of the CBC is provided by federal legislation Media as a protected cultural product (e.g. Canadian magazines) Protecting culture through the media (e.g. Canadian music content rules)

Effects of technology Postman: TV as “instant therapy”, rise of the 30- second attention span Dependence of news and public affairs commentary on: Action shots Action shots Confrontation Confrontation Stereotypes Stereotypes New technologies: cell-phones etc.– increasing access or dumbing down content ?

The pragmatics of news production Limited resources mean selective coverage News covers the predictable The “Lazy journalism” phenomenon News management as part of the art of politics

Ideological Impact Journalists are more cosmopolitan, and more progressive (left-wing) than the average Canadian But journalists work for orthodox businesses (except the CBC)

Media and Democracy Noam Chomsky – “manufacturing of consent” Frank L Wright – “chewing gum of the mind” – media as distraction Oversimplification of complex issues – dumping down effect of technology Inaccessible to those without money or “savvy” Yet, continuing impact as a check on the abuse of executive power