Conflict Management and Mismanagement in Federal Systems Democratic Federalism – An Intensive Course offered to Iraqi University Faculty by the Forum of Federations – Amman, June 18 to July 5, 2007

Outline  Centralised states and plural societies  Democracy, authoritarianism and the management of grievances  Conflicts and violent breakdown  Cooperation in the shadow of violence  Building trust  Unity and diversity  Ties that bind  Neighbourhood effects  Regional economies  Regional security complexes

States and plural societies Democracy, authoritarianism and the management of grievances 2003 map of all groups that experienced discrimination

States and plural societies Democracy, authoritarianism and the management of grievances 2003 map of all groups that experienced repression

Centralised states and plural societies Conflicts and violent breakdown BBC programme: One day of war, monitors armed conflicts around the world

Cooperation in the shadow of violence The problem of building trust  The impact of violence  The fragility of peace agreements  Security concerns and the commitment problem  The prospect of federalism  A tool to build trust?

Cooperation in the shadow of violence The imperatives of unity and diversity  Federations and rights protection  Territorial autonomy  Personal / cultural autonomy  Federations and the reconciliation of seemingly competing objectives  Federations, a first step to full sovereignty?

Cooperation in the shadow of violence The ties that bind  Creating national identities  Inclusive of all groups  Compatible with other identities  Creating mutual interests  Confidence-building measures  Promoting stability  Renewing the social contract

Neighbourhood effects  Particularly important in stabilizing/destabilizing countries that have experienced recent violence  Regional war / peace economies  Regional security / insecurity complexes