Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 The United States and Canada pp. 116-164

Ch. 5 Section 1: Physical Geography Physical Features: The East and South -Atlantic Coastal Plain: is located in the Southeast -Appalachian Mountains are the main mountain range in the East/Millions of years of erosion have lowered their highest peak to about 6,700 feet Physical Features: The Interior Plains Great Lakes: The largest group of freshwater lakes in the world; Important for trade between the United States and Canada The Great Lakes Mississippi River: North America’s longest and most important river; Has many tributaries, or smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger stream or river, such as the Missouri and Ohio rivers which help drain the entire Interior Plains

Ch. 5 Section 1: Physical Geography Climate: The East and South Northeast: Humid continental climate with snowy winters and warm, humid summers South: Humid subtropical climate with milder winters and warm, humid summers Florida: Warm all year Climate: The Interior Plains Most of the region: A humid continental climate with long, cold winters; hot and dry summers; varying temperatures throughout the year Great Plains: Hot and dry summers The Great Plains

Ch. 5 Section 1: Physical Geography Physical Features: The West -Rocky Mountains: Enormous rugged mountain ranges that rise above 14,000 feet -Continental Divide: an area of high peaks in the Rocky Mountains that divides the flow of rivers towards opposite ends of a continent. Rivers to the east empty into the Mississippi River and to the west into the Pacific Ocean. -Alaska and Hawaii are the only two US states that do not share a border with any other of the US states.

Ch. 5 Section 2: History and Culture People and Culture: Ethnic Groups in the United States Hispanic Americans: Many came from Mexico, Cuba, and other Latin American countries. Most live in the southwestern states that border Mexico. Native Americans: For thousands of years, Native Americans were the only people in the Americas. Today most live in the west, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico. African Americans: Live in every region, but southern states and many large cities have a higher percentage. European Descendants: About 7 out of every 10 people. Asian Americans: Live mostly in California. America's Changing Ethnicity .

Ch. 5 Section 2: History and Culture People and Culture: Language, Religion, Food and Music, and Popular Culture Language: After English, Spanish is the most widely spoken language. Over 50 million are bilingual, or speak two languages. Religion: Most people are Christians. Some are Jewish or Muslim. A small percentage is Hindu or Buddhist Food and Music: Diverse ethnic foods like Mexican tacos, Italian pasta, or Japanese sushi are now part of the American diet and are examples of the influence of diverse cultures on the United States. Popular culture: American culture, such as movies, television programs, and sports, are popular abroad.

Ch5 Section 3: The United States Today Regions of the United States: The Northeast Economy: banks, investment firms, insurance companies, respected universities. Natural Resources: Rich farmland, coal, steel production, and fishing. The steel industry grew up around cities close to coal and iron ore deposits. Population: Most densely populated region in the U.S. with 40 million people. Cities from Boston to Washington, D.C. (the nation’s capital) form a megalopolis, or a string of large cities that have grown together. Northeastern US Song

Ch. 5 Section 3: The United States Today Regions of the United States: The South Natural Resources: Rich farmlands grow cotton, tobacco, and citrus fruit. Economy: This region is becoming more urban and industrialized. It is known for its oil refineries and petrochemical plants. Important trade centers with Mexico and Central and South American countries. E.g., Miami Southern US Song

Ch. 5 Section 3: The United States Today Regions of the United States: The Midwest - One of the most productive farming regions in the world - Agriculture: Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota are known for their dairy farms. - The stretch of land between Ohio and Nebraska is known for producing corn. - Trade: Major cities are located near the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and the Great Lakes because products are easily shipped to and from these centers. Midwestern US Song

Ch. 5 Section 3: The United States Today Regions of the United States: The West California: More than 10 percent of the nation lives California, where farming, technology, and entertainment are important industries. Mineral resources: coal, oil, gold, silver, copper, and others Oregon and Washington: known for forestry and fishing Alaska: known for oil, forests, and fish Hawaii: known for pineapple, sugarcane (both made possible by fertile soil and a mild climate) and tourism Western US Song

Ch. 5 Section 3: The United States Today Changes in the Nation The United States has a larger economy and more powerful military than any other country, making it the world’s only superpower. Beneficial trade with Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, and Europe. 1992: The North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA, has made trade easier with Mexico and Canada.

Ch. 5 Section 3: The United States Today Changes in the Nation September 11, 2001: Terrorists hijacked four American jets and crashed them into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The hijackers wanted to disrupt the U.S. economy with terrorism, or violent attacks that cause fear. 9/11 Timeline US Response to 9-11: The first military action after the attacks was to send forces to Afghanistan to kill or capture members of al Qaeda, a terrorist group, and established a new democratic government in the country.

Ch. 6 Section 1: Physical Geography Canada and the U.S. share many physical features. The mountains along the Pacific coast and the Rocky Mountains extend north into western Canada. The countries share two physical borders, the St. Lawrence River, and the Great Lakes. The Niagara Falls, which are located between Ontario and New York State, plunge an average of 162 feet between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. US/Canadian border

Ch. 6 Section 1: Physical Geography Climate Much of central and northern Canada has a sub-arctic climate. The far north has tundra and ice cap climates. About half of Canada lies in these extremely cold climates. Central and eastern southern Canada is humid and relatively mild. The coast of British Columbia is known for its rainy winters and mild temperatures. Inland southern Canada is colder and drier.

Ch. 6 Section 1: Physical Geography Minerals The Canadian Shield contains most of Canada’s mineral deposits. Lead, copper, gold, silver, nickel, zinc and uranium are mined in Canada. Saskatchewan: potash, a mineral used to make fertilizer Alberta: oil and natural gas The Canadian Shield Forest Vast areas of forests from Labrador to the Pacific coast provide lumber and pulp. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan get much of their newsprint from Canada.

Ch. 6 Section 2: History and Culture Movement to cities Toronto has become one of the most culturally diverse (different) cities in the world with people from Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, Latin American, and Asia. Canada’s major cities have increased in size because of immigration and job opportunities. Recently, Canadians have moved to cities in Ontario to find jobs and to Vancouver, British Columbia for jobs and climate.

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today Canada’s government Democratic government with a prime minister as the leader of the central government, much like the president is the head of the US government. Parliament: House of Commons and the Senate. People elect members of the House of Commons. Prime minister appoints members of the Senate. The 10 Canadian provinces are headed by premiers and are very similar to American states. Canada's Government

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today The Eastern Provinces Eastern Provinces include Newfoundland, Labrador, and the Maritime Provinces, which include New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Most people live in coastal cities. Cities are industrial, fishing, and shipping centers. Halifax, in Nova Scotia, is the region’s largest city. Most of the economy in the Eastern Provinces is based on forestry and fishing. The Atlantic Provinces of Eastern Canada

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today The Heartland The Heartland includes Quebec and Ontario and more than half of all Canadians live in these two provinces. French is the main language in Quebec. Montreal (in Quebec) is Canada’s second largest city and one of the largest French-speaking cities in the world.

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today The Heartland (cont.) Ontario has a larger population than Quebec and is the manufacturing center. However, the economy of southern Ontario is based on agriculture. Toronto, the capital of Ontario, is an industrial, financial, educational, and cultural center. Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is in Ontario. Ottawa

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today The Western Provinces Includes the prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta and British Columbia. Wheat, oil, and natural gas production are important industries. British Columbia has four million people. Partly due to the coastal city of Vancouver trading with Asia, British Columbia became the first province to have a major Asian population. Vancouver

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today The Canadian North Includes Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Extremely cold due to location near Arctic Circle. Although this region covers more than a third of Canada, only 100,000 people live in this area. Nunavut is a new territory for the 30,000 native Inuit people who live there. Even though Nunavut is a part of Canada, it still has a distinct culture and government. Nunavut

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today Canada’s Economy: Industry One of world’s leading mineral producers: titanium, zinc, iron ore, gold, and coal. Iron and steel industry supports plane, car, and household appliance manufacturing industries. Tourism is a fast-growing service industry. Most Canadians work in the services industry.

Ch. 6 Section 3: Canada Today Canada’s Economy: Trade Canada’s economy depends on trade. Canada’s main trading partner is the United States: 60 percent of Canada’s imports are from the United States. 85 percent of Canada’s exports goes to the United States. Review of Canada (or is it?)