 business firms  offering goods and services  directly to consumers

 operated as part of a „chain“  a group of many stores  different types of retail establishments

 department stores  supermarkets  discount stores  mail-order businesses  telemarketing  vending machines  internet

department stores  series of departments  sells special goods  tableware – bedding supermarkets  ventured into other product areas  vast majority of total food-store sales

discount stores  lower prices  lower levels of service mail - order businesses  important part of - the retail landscape  telemarketing - vending machines – internet  online businesses  Amazon, Ebay and Zalando