1 Space Environment Measurements by JAXA Satellites and ISS Takahiro OBARA Space Environment Group Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

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Surface degradation CCDs noises Space Environment Effects Solar cell degradation Electronics degradation Electrostatic Discharge Phantom commands Single Event 3

Space Environment Effects EnvironmentEffects VacuumContamination NeutralAerodynamic drag Atomic oxygen attack PlasmaSpacecraft charging Electrostatic Discharge Reattraction of contamination Radiation ParticlesTotal Dose Effects Solar Cell, Electronics Single Event Effects Upset, Latch up Internal Charging Micrometeoroid/ Orbital Debris Hypervelocity Impacts 4

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Space environment measurement Satellite Name Launch Data （ Altitude ） Type ETS-V （ 36000km ） GEO ETS-VI （ 8000 ～ 38000km ） GTO ADEOS （ 800km ） LEO ETS-VII （ 500km ） LEO STS （ 300km ） LEO ISS 2001 （ 400km ） LEO MDS （ 250 ～ 36000km ） GTO DRTS （ 36000km ）＊ GEO ADEOS-II （ 800km ） LEO ALOS （ 700km ）＊ LEO ETS-VIII （ 36000km ）＊ GEO Jason （ 1336km ）＊ LEO GOSAT （ 700km ）＊ LEO JEM/SEDA-AP （ 400km ）＊ LEO QZS （ Quasi Zanies Orbit ）＊ QZO 6

’87‘90‘93‘96‘99‘02‘05‘08‘11‘14‘17’20 Activity GEOGEO Alt LEOLEO Application Items MIN MAXMINMAXMINMAXMIN ETS-5 ETS6ETS6 MDS1MDS1 DRTS ETS-8 ERGERG ADEOS ADEOS ２ GOSAT Jason-2 QZS1 Space Environment Monitoring Radiation Belt Model RB Science Warning Information ALOS Radiation Measurements in JAXA ISS/JEM/SEDA-AP Jason-3 7

Radiation Particle Measurement along GTO satellite MDS-1 ( ) 8

(Obara et al., 2005) 9 MDS-1 (TSUBASA) Measurement

(Obara et al., 2005) MDS-1 (TSUBASA) Measurement 10

(Kasahara et al., 2008) 11 Seed Electron & plasma wave measurements

MDS-1 MeV electron vs. Akebono VLF VLF waves MeV electron (Obara et al., 2005) 12

plasma sheet Seed electrons plasmaspause Enhanced convection Intensification of Plasma Waves Wave growth 2-step acceleration model 30 ～ 100 keV (Obara et al., 2001) Hot electrons ～ keV ① ② 13

Time evolution of ｆ (K) ｆ 0 (K) ｆ 3000 (K) (Omura et al., 2008) 14

JAXA DYNAMIC MODEL 15 NASA AE8 MODEL New Model Development

MDS-1 Observation 16 JAXA DYNAMIC MODEL Comparison with Obs. Data

Radiation Particle Measurement at GEO satellites DRTS ( )ETS-V ( ) 17

18 Seasonal Variation of MeV Electrons at GEO

ETS-8 data ( ) 19 Seasonal Variation of MeV Electrons at GEO

ETS-V MeV electron flux vs. SW sector structure 20 ＳＰＲＩＮＧ -> Toward AUTUMN -> Away rule

21 ＳＰＲＩＮＧ -> Toward AUTUMN -> Away rule

Radiation Particle Measurement at LEO satellites and ISS ISS/SEDA-AP ( ) Jason-2(CNES) ( ) GOSAT ( ) 22

JEM (Japanese Experimental Module)‏ Exposed Facility Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment (SEDA)‏ Pressurized Module 23

24 Observation at 400km altitude (Obara et al., 2010)

25 AE8 Model at 400km altitude Significant movement ( or shift ) of intense region

Jason km GOSAT 700 km ISS 400 km 26

27 Dynamic Variation of Outer Belt Electron at LEO

2010/1/ /1/102010/4/ /4/10 After Large Magnetic Storm on April 5, Large Increase of High Energy Electron Flux took place. 30keV Electron Data : Jason-2 28

29 Injections of 45 keV Electrons were found, which reached down to L=2.3~2.5 ( Mlat ~ 50 degree ). This is VERY consistent with Jason-2 data.

30 (Ebihara et al., 2010) Simulation / model calculation 30~40 keV Electrons Due to the large convection E fioeld, enegetic electrons approach toward the Earth

Space Environment Measurement at QZS orbit QZS-1 ( ) QZS-1,2 and 3 31

32 QZS-1 satellite : TEchnical Data Acquisition Equipments (TEDA) TEDA consist of three parts; （ 1 ） Light Particle Telescope ： LPT （ 2 ） MAgnetoMeter ： MAM （ 3 ） POtential Monitor ： POM With these data, JAXA will identify the cause of the satellite anomaly. MAM-S1 MAM-S2 POM-S LPT

QZS-1 Covering Region 0.1MeV 0.8MeV １ Day - QZS-1 Orbit and Electron Flux - 33 over Japan

34 Line of force X Earth Radius MAGDAS, SERC, Kyushu Univ. Projection along the field line Map onto the Earth Altitude ： 32000~40000km Launch; Sept.11, 2010 QZS-1 satellite:

Data service 35

Real Time Plots Useful Tools for Satellite Environment Reseach Observation Data electron Anik(Canada)E-1 、 E-2 trouble WWW Browser System 1. Measurement Data 18 observation data display. Offer to the inside and outside of JAXA 2. Warning mail system Warning notification: X rays, solar proton, and high energy electron 3. Satellite environmental model and analysis tool 90 kinds of space environmental models. Display of satellite environment in 2D and 3D. JAXA SEES

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