Which of the following definitions best fits the definition of the study of psychology? a. the study of abnormal behavior b. the study of behavioral and mental processes c. the study of our unconscious mind d. the study of cognition e. the study of behavior Which of the following definitions best fits the definition of the study of psychology? a. the study of abnormal behavior b. the study of behavioral and mental processes c. the study of our unconscious mind d. the study of cognition e. the study of behavior

Nativism vs. Human traits are innate Socrates and Plato Rene Descartes Dualism – Mind and Body separate entities Empiricism Knowledge comes from sensory experience Aristotle Hobbes and Locke Monism – body and mind are one in the same Which idea is more influential today?

12. Which of the following Greek philosophers was the first to attempt to classify psychological disorders? a. Socrates b. Plato c. Aristotle d. Hippocrates e. Galen

13. Which of the following early theories of psychology involved measuring the bumps on a person’s head to determine their traits and abilities? a. Nativism b. Empiricism c. Psychophysics d. Phrenology e. Mesmerism Which of these theories do you think is considered to be the first SCIENTIFIC study of psychology?

TheoryStated ideas behind theory Pioneering Psychologists Major Practices that resulted Structuralism-First school of psych. thought -Breaking down mental processes into the most basic components (William Wundt) The term was coined by Wundt’s student E. Titchner (Marg. Washburn was his student) Introspection – have people report their experiences as they experienced sensory stimuli (to subjective) Functionalism-Objected to structuralism -tried to explain the purpose of consciousness and behavior William James (Mary Calkins was his student) Longitudinal Research – studying one person or a group over a long period of time Behavioral PsychStudy observed behavior NOT hidden mental processes Edward Lee Thorndike Ivan Pavlov John Watson BF Skinner Classical Conditioning – involuntary response to stimuli Operant Conditioning – voluntary response

TheoryStated IdeasPsychologistMajor practices Psychoanalysis/ Psychodynamic Psychology A method of studying unconscious mental processes Sigmund Freud (Neo-Freudians) Carl Jung Erik Erikson Unconscious Mind Free Association say whatever comes to mind Projective Tests – ink blot test Humanistic Psychology -Created as an alternative to behaviorism and psychoanalysis - Focus on understanding the conscious mind, free will, growth of healthy people Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow Person centered therapy – non judgmental, help people clarify who they are Hierarchy of Needs – must meet basic needs before we can become self- actualized Evolutionary Psychology Focuses on genetic roots of mental and behavioral patterns Charles Darwin G. Stanley Hall - 1 st APA President Nature vs. Nurture Natural Selection

TheoryStated IdeasPsychologistsMajor practices Biological Psychology (Neuroscience) How the body and brain influence behavior Cognitive Psychology Mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, and using knowledge Jean Piaget Noam Chomsky -Cognitive Stages of Development -Language acquisition Gestalt Psychology -Literally means “form” or “whole” -Study our tendency to integrate pieces of info into a meaningful whole Social Cultural-Study how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

_____ Charles Darwina. This psychologist is considered to be the founder of modern psychology _____ Wilhelm Wundtb. This psychology became the first female president of the American Psychological Association _____ William Jamesc. In this psychological perspective the focus is on studying observed behaviors not hidden mental processes _____ Sigmund Freudd. Jean Piaget developed stages of learning as part of this psychological perspective to explain how our mental processes develop _____ Margaret F Washburn e. This scientist explained the theory of evolution _____ Mary Calkinsf. This psychologist investigated how our unconscious thoughts impact our development _____ Biological Psychologyg. This psychologist created the functionalist perspective to challenge the early perspective _____ Cognitive Psychology h. This psychologist was the first female to received a PHD in psychology from Harvard. _____ Evolutionary Psychologyi. This psychological perspective is also called Neuroscience because it focuses on the how brain influences us _____ Behavioral Psychologyj. This psychological perspective focuses on how our natural genetic instincts have impacted our mental and behavioral patterns

14. What psychological perspective did Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and BF Skinner all believe in? 1.Evolutionary 2.Biological 3.Cognitive 4.Psychoanalysis 5.Behavioral 15. Which of the following best illustrates a humanistic approach to personality? 1.Establishing gender schema in the development of sex roles 2.Recognizing the importance of unconscious and biological instincts 3.Using functional analysis to specify external variables that regulate behavior 4.Emphasizing personal growth and achievement of individual potential 5.Exploring the childhood roots of behavior

Biological/Neuroscience: Maybe Dennis Rodman has a high level of estrogen that makes him feel as though he should wear women’s clothes and dye his hair. Evolutionary: Dennis Rodman’s tall height and athleticism are traits that are naturally selected for; however; his cross dressing tendencies are counterintuitive to his passing on his own genes. His ancestors were most likely tall and athletic as well. Humanistic: As a result of not feeling accepted as a youth, Dennis Rodman has resorted to cross dressing and erratic behavior in an attempt to find his ideal self. Psychodynamic: Dennis was traumatized as a child when he was not permitted to have a Halloween costume. He has repressed the memory but, as a result, dresses in outrageous clothing to try and overcompensate for his loss as a child. Behavioral: Dennis Rodman’s father and grandfather were both cross dressers and frequently dyed their hair. Dennis observed this throughout his life and is now imitating the same behavior. Cognitive: Dennis Rodman interprets his role in the NBA as needing to create attention for his team. As a result, he thinks that by cross dressing, dying his hair, and tattooing his body, his team will get the positive attention it requires. Social-Cultural: Perhaps the NBA culture, and these behaviors occur often and are widely accepted; thus, Dennis Rodman believes his behavior to be typical and not out of the ordinary.

16. Cell phone users have been complaining that the LCD display (clock, date, etc.) is difficult to read. You have been commissioned to design a new and improved phone. What type of psychologist are you? 17. It is my job to analyze standardized tests, like the SAT, to determine any flaws in the test and redesign it. What type of psychologist are you? 18. I focus mainly on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders, what type of psychologist am I? 19. I am mainly a statistician. I work for research companies or the government to analyze complex date and compile statistics. What type of psychologist am I? 20. It is my job to determine how to increase the moral of workers and to speed up their production rates. What kind of psychologist am I?