Challenges to the New Government Chapter 9 Section 2

9-2 Objectives You will: 1. Explain why Washington wanted to secure the Trans- Appalachian West 2. Analyze the causes and outcome of The Battle of Fallen Timbers

9-2 Objectives You will: 3. Identify the reasons for the Whiskey Rebellion. 4. Explain how Washington maintained U.S. neutrality

Issues Faced by Washington as President 1. Problems in the West competing claims on the land 2. Native American resistance to white settlements in the Northwest Territory Battle of Fallen Timbers

Issues Faced by Washington as President 3. The Whiskey Rebellion 4. French Revolution Reign of Terror

AGREEMENTS Jay’s Treaty Treaty of Greenville Pinckney Treaty Neutrality Proclamation

Problems in the West Washington faces problems in the Trans-Appalachian West (land between the Appalachian Mnt. & Mississippi River)

Problems in the West The source of the trouble was competing claims on the land At one time Spain, England, Native Americans, & the United States claimed the land Spain claimed Florida & the port of New Orleans

Problems in the West For American western settlers the port of New Orleans was key to trade Spanish threats to close the port of New Orleans was taken very seriously by the American settlers

Problems in the West Spain caused trouble between the settlers & Native Americans in the Southeast Strongest resistance by NA to white settlement was in the Northwest Territory

Problems in the West Native Americans in the NW Territory hoped to join together to form an Independent NA nation The British (in the Ohio R. Valley) supported the Native Americans. muskets & gunpowder provided by British

Problems in the West Settlers pour into Northwest Territory in 1790s Newcomers ignored treaties U.S. signed with Indians of that region

Problems in the West Natives respond by attacking settlers Settlers strike back / some time against wrong group

Problems in the West 1790 Miamis led by Little Turtle joined other tribes & drive settlers out of area

Problems in the West George Washington believed the NW territory was critical to U.S. security Washington sent troops headed by General Arthur St. Clair into the Ohio Valley

Native Americans defeat Gen. St. Clair Washington then appoints General (Mad Anthony) Wayne

1794 Gen. Wayne defeats NA led by Blue Jacket at Battle of Fallen Timbers

1795 Miamis & 11 other tribes sign Treaty of Greenville NA give up land that later becomes southern Ohio

The Whiskey Rebellion Conflict arose over the government’s tax on whiskey Backcountry farmers resisted the tax

The Whiskey Rebellion Crops such as corn wheat & rye were more easily carried to market in liquid form Horse could carry 2 bushels of rye or 2 barrels of whiskey

The Whiskey Rebellion Two barrels = 24 bushels

The Whiskey Rebellion Farmers used whiskey as money to get the supplies they needed

The Whiskey Rebellion Summer of 1794 Farmers in western Pennsylvania stage a The Whiskey Rebellion against the tax

The Whiskey Rebellion Beat up a tax collector (Neville) coated him with tar & feathers

The Whiskey Rebellion Farmers threatened an armed attack on Pittsburgh Washington was prepared to crush the rebellion

The Whiskey Rebellion October 1794 General William Henry Lee along w/ Hamilton led 13,000 troops into Western Pa The Rebels fled

OLIVER MILLER HOMESTEAD South Park

Map of Whiskey Rebellion site

The Whiskey Rebellion Washington had showed that the government had the power & the will to enforce its laws

French Revolution July 14,1789 attack on French prison “The Bastille” starts French Revolution Many Americans felt the U.S. should support Lafayette a leading French reformer

Reign of Terror 1793 – Louis XVI is beheaded & family during the Reign of Terror tens of thousands of French citizens were executed The violence divides opinions in U.S.

Neutrality Proclamation Nobles in Europe fear spread of revolution Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Netherlands, & Spain sent armies to overpower revolutionaries Threatens to draw U.S. into the war

Neutrality Proclamation President Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation it stated that the U.S. would not support either side in the war said no Americans could help either side

Neutrality Proclamation British began seizing the cargos of U.S. ships carrying goods from French West Indies

Neutrality Proclamation Washington sends John Jay for talks on seizing ships Also to persuade Britain to give up forts on the Northwest frontier

Neutrality Proclamation Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to England for talks about seizures of U.S. ships Jay also hoped to persuade the British to give up the forts on the Northwest frontier

Neutrality Proclamation After the Battle of Fallen Timber the British agreed to leave the Ohio Valley by 1796 British signed Jay’s Treaty British agreed to pay for damage to ships they seized

Neutrality Proclamation Jay’s Treaty was unpopular because it did not open British West Indies trade to Americans

Pinckney Treaty Thomas Pinckney Reduced tensions on the frontier Spain gave U.S. rights to travel freely on the Mississippi River

Pinckney Treaty Gave Americans the right to store goods at the port of New Orleans w/o paying customs duties Spain accepted the 31st parallel as the northern border of Florida & southern Boundary of the U.S.

Farewell Address 1796 Washington announced he would retire in his Farewell Address urged U.S. to avoid becoming involved in European affairs to stay neutral also said to avoid political parties

What 4 critical decisions did President Washington make? Decision/Results 1.

2. 3.

4.

Explain Treaties Jay’s Treaty Treaty of Greenville Pinckney Treaty Neutrality Proclamation