The Struggle of Power in England and France Anglo-Saxon and Norman England

Anglo-Saxon England Germanic Invaders Angles + Saxons = Anglo-Saxons

Three Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons Northumbia - Northern England (today Southern Scotland) Mercia - Central England Wessex - Southern England Kingdoms were divided into governmental districts called shires.

Alfred the Great Defeats the Danes (Vikings) 886 - Peace Treaty allowed the Danes to live in parts of Mercia and Northumbria

Danish Rule 900s - Alfred’s successors Won land back Strengthened the country Unified the country Spread Christianity

Danish Rule 1016 - King Canute of Denmark took the throne Ruled a combined kingdom with Scandinavia Wise ruler 1042 - Danish line of kings died out

Edward the Confessor Chosen by the Anglo-Saxon nobles Edward was part (Anglo-Saxon) and part (Norman) His death in 1066 changes the relationship between France and England

Norman Conquest 1066 - Edward the Confessor dies Duke William of Normandy named his successor Anglo-Saxons recognize Harold of Wessex as heir to throne 1066 - Battle of Hastings - William defeats Harold 1066(Dec) - William I of England

William I Accomplishments Brought Norman laws and customs Brought feudalism Reorganized the economy (Doomsday Book) Created a centralized government and strong monarchy

Henry I Created the department of exchequer (treasury) Created a more efficient central government Sent traveling judges to try cases

Henry II Created his own army Created a circuit of judges Used trial by jury for civil and criminal courts

John I Signed and accepted the Magna Carta Magna Carta made law the supreme power in England

Magna Carta Protected the liberties of nobles Outlined the rights of ordinary citizens Taxes could only be collect by consent of Great Council King could not take property without paying for it King could not refuse, delay or sell justice Allowed trial by jury

Development of Parliament Formed as a result of a revolt of nobles against King Henry III Led by Simon de Montfort He wanted the nobles and middle class to work together in opposition to the king House of Lords = Nobles and Clergy House of Commons = knights and burgesses

Common Law Common Law = court decisions + customs Court of Exchequer = tried tax cases and finances Court of Common Pleas = heard cases between ordinary citizens Court of the Kings Bench = trials that concerned the king or government

Rise of the Capetian Kings Hugh Capet

Increase Royal Territory Marriages to increase land holdings Took over land of the deceased Conquered territory King Philip II seized Normandy and Maine

Strengthened Central Government Appointed trained officials to run government Extended jurisdiction of the royal courts Created the Estates General – represented the 3 major social classes Increased power over church by taxing the clergy

Philip II Increased the size of France by seizing English landholdings

Philip IV Strengthened the central government Improved the legal system Increased revenue by taxing the church Created the Estates General