Mammalian Adaptations

MONOTREMES “Egg laying” Duckbilled Platypus Anteater Echidna

MARSUPIALS Premature babies develop in pouch Found in Australia/ New Guinea Kangaroo Wallaby

MARSUPIALS Only North American Marsupial Oppossum

PLACENTAL Embryos nourished inside mother by placenta 95% of all mammals are placental At least 18 orders

TEETH Incisors- Chisel like teeth for cutting Canines- Pointed teeth for puncturing/tearing Premolars- Shred and grind Molars- Flat teeth for grinding, crushing

Specialized teeth vary with diet

Grass eaters have different teeth than carnivores

SALIVARY GLANDS DIGESTION starts in the MOUTH Image from: http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/throat/salivary.cfm

BALEEN Thin keratin plates that hang from the roof of the mouth and screen food from water Image from: http://home.iprimus.com.au/readman/whale.htm

ECHOLOCATION Bats can fly without eyes, but NOT without ears Bats emit high frequency sound waves that bounce off objects Can determine size, distance, direction, speed

RUMEN In cud chewers like cows, sheep, goats, giraffes First chamber of stomach containing bacteria to digest plants Image from: http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/rumen_anat.html

CECUM In non cud chewers like horses, rabbits, rodents, elephants Small pouch off small intestine containing bacteria to digest plants

Human appendix is vestigial cecum

PRIMATES Larger Brain Grasping hand with fingernails instead of claws 2 forward facing eyes Includes: Gorillas Monkeys Lemurs

PRIMATES Humans are primates too!

PINNIPEDS Carnivorous streamlined body flipper limbed Seals Walruses Sea lions

UNGULATES Mammals with Hooves

CETACEANS Includes: whales, dolphins, porpoises

CHIROPTERA BATS Only mammals that can fly