RECONSTRUCTION PLANTATION OWNERSLOST THEIR LABOR SOURCE AND MUCH OF THEIR WEALTH. THEY HIRED THEIR FORMER SLAVES AS SHARECROPPERS SMALL FARMERSLOST THEIR LAND, HAD TO COMPETE WITH THE FREEDMEN FOR JOBS. MANY HAD TO BECOME SHARECROPPERS MANY RESENTED THEIR LOSS OF STATUS AND THE RISE IN STATUS OF THE FREEDMEN FREEDMEN (FREED SLAVES)GAINED FREEDOM MANY WORKED FOR THEIR FORMER OWNERS AS SHARECROPPERS THEY SUFFERED VIOLENCE FROM GROUPS LIKE THE KKK The period after the Civil War when Southern society had to be rebuilt

Presidential Reconstruction Congressional (Radical Republican) Reconstruction PURPOSE: restore the Southern states to the Union EASILY REQUIREMENTS: 1.only 10% of population take oath of allegiance to the US 2. Agree to 13 th Amendment (no slavery) RESULTS: 1865 SC Constitution: only whites could vote (FORMER CONFEDERATES WERE ELECTED TO CONGRESS) BLACK CODE laws were passed to control the lives of the freedmen PURPOSE: protect the freedmen, guarantee REPUBLICAN control, PUNISH the South REQUIREMENTS: Any Southerner involved in the war could not vote or hold office UNTIL THE STATE WROTE A NEW CONSTITUTION Agree to the 14 th Amendment (US citizenship for blacks) RESULTS: 1868 SC Constitution: ALL MEN COULD VOTE, women gained property rights, compulsory education SC WAS PLACED UNDER MILITARY RULE

FREEDMEN’S BUREAU - a government agency sent South to help blacks and whites after the war. They provided food, shelter, medical aid and helped people find jobs. THEIR GREATEST SUCCESS WAS EDUCATION…THEY SET UP 3,000 SCHOOLS/COLLEGES FOR BLACKS INCLUDING ALLEN, BENEDICT AND CLAFLIN UNIVERSITIES

KKK “Young men who were in the Confederate army joined a secret military Organization…The object and intent of that….organization is to prevent large Masses of the people from enjoying a right which has been guaranteed them By the Constitution….they work in disguise and their instruments are terror and Crime…they terrified men, women, and children, white and black…They are Secret, oath-bound, they murder, rob, plunder whip and scourge…they commit these crimes…upon the poor, upon feeble men and women who are utterly Defenseless…” A white supremacist group that used Intimidation to prevent African-Americans From exercising their rights

CARPETBAGGER – northerner who came south after the war TO SUPPORT RADICAL REPUBLICANS SCALAWAG – Southerners who supported the Radical Republicans They both had a reputation for being corrupt and dishonest taking advantage of the people of the South

Reconstruction SUCCESSESFAILURES CIVIL RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 13 th amendment – no slavery 14 th amendment – citizenship for blacks 15 th amendment – voting rights for black men Blacks elected to political office Public schools and property rights for women (Constitution of 1868) Thousands of free blacks learned to read and write Poor race relations The KKK threatened and intimidated blacks and whites Dishonest carpetbaggers and scalawags took advantage of the people of the South Black Codes temporarily limited the rights of African-Americans Many poor people had to resort to sharecropping

“We must win the election peaceably if we can, violently if we must.” Democratic campaign slogan

1876 Governor’s Election Goal for Southern whites – DEFEAT THE RADICAL REPUBLICANS Wade Hampton (D) vs. Daniel Chamberlain (R) Red Shirts – supporters of Hampton; many used intimidation to make sure Hampton defeated the carpetbagger Chamberlain Much violence broke out between the two sides….Hampton won the disputed election Reconstruction officially ended when Pres. Hayes (R) withdrew US troops from SC in exchange for SC supporting him for President