P LAGIARISM Basic Presentation Made by A. SIFE from Dar Es Salaam at ToT PhD Course in November /23/

ILBiz Com 2

3 P LAGIARISM How big a problem is plagiarism at your university? Is it growing or diminishing? Have you personally had a student who has plagiarised? What is being done at your university about it?

D ETECTING PLAGIARISM The internet makes easier to commit plagiarism… But at the same time it has made it easier to detect ! Use meta-search engines – those which access many search engines at the same time Use search engines such as: It is necessary to posses good search skills (e.g., phrase searching; use of Boolean operators – AND, OR, NOT; query modifiers – allintitle:, allintext:, site:domain ) 4

Use plagiarism detection software: However, most academic databases are part of the “Invisible Web” and neither search engines nor Internet plagiarism services have access to them. Search specific databases including library catalogues, ETD etc. 5

10/23/2015 ILBiz Com

P LAGIARISM the practice of using other people’s ideas and works without appropriating the sources and passing it as one’s own works it is a false assumption of authorship. Includes: Presenting the work of others as one’s own work. Copying verses/figures/tables from another work without citing the source. Using synonyms but copying the sentence structure of a source without citing the source. Failure to put “quotation marks”. Incorrect citation information. Hiring someone to write your work 7 7

However, plagiarism is a highly subjective concept relating to factors such as linguistic competence, culture, academic integrity, legal/regulatory frameworks and institutional governance etc. 8

F ORMS OF PLAGIARISM Intentional plagiarism occurs when writers know well they are passing off someone else's words or ideas as their own. Unintentional/accidental plagiarism is often the result of poor citation or referencing (lack of knowledge to do proper citation and referencing) or lack of understanding about what constitutes plagiarism Self-plagiarism is the act of using one's own published or submitted work without mentioning the previous use or publication. 9

Manual detection - when supervisors use knowledge/skills to detect that a submitted work is composed of some parts that are not the author’s own Look at: Writing style, language, vocabulary, tone, grammar, etc. It doesn't sound like the student you know! Look for gray letters in the text, often an indication that the page was downloaded from the web, as color letters on a screen show up gray in a printout 10

Citations are made to materials not owned by your library! Using secondary citations without acknowledging through In: referencing Citations can not be verified. Citations in the text are not included in the list of references. Websites (URLS) listed in citations are inactive. A students can not identify citations or provide copies of the cited material. A student can not explain what he/she has written 11

12 A VOIDING PLAGIARISM Teaching students proper writing skills Introducing information literacy /search courses to students and staff ---- including proper citation styles (sometimes students are relatively better than staff in using the Web!) Introducing students to what plagiarism is….and the possible consequences Formulate anti-plagiarism policies, laws/regulations Libraries making research output available online e.g. ETD & grey literature Institutions should acquire plagiarism detection software 10/23/201512

10/23/2015 ILBiz Com 13 Thanks to A. Sife for his work in preparing the basics Of this Introduction to Plagerism