PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS MLA FORMAT

RULES OF RESEARCH IF YOU USE ANY WORDS FROM AN ARTICLE OR WEB SITE … YOU MUST CITE IT! OTHERWISE, IT IS PLAGIARISM!!!!! BOTH DIRECT QUOTES {WORDS COPIED DIRECTLY FROM AN ARTICLE} AND PARAPHRASED INFORMATION {INFORMATION THAT YOU HAVE PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS} MUST GET AN IN-TEXT, OR PARENTHETICAL, CITATION.

WARNING!!!!! NEVER make up sources, quotes, data, citations or anything else!

HOW TO CITE AN ONLINE SOURCE Article with author name “More than 8,000 animals die each year from exposure to experimental drugs” (Roberts). --source is cited after the direct quote or paraphrase --author’s name is placed in parentheses --ending punctuation follows parenthetical citation

HOW TO CITE AN ONLINE SOURCE Article with author name You can also cite article using author’s name in a signal phrase. According to Roberts, “More than 8,000 animals die each year from exposure to experimental drugs.” --source is cited before the direct quote or paraphrase

HOW TO CITE AN ONLINE SOURCE Article without author name “More than 8,000 animals die each year from exposure to experimental drugs” (“Animals Die in Labs …”). --source is cited after the direct quote or paraphrase -- title of article (in quotation marks) is placed in parentheses -- if title is long, use only first 3-4 words of title -- ending punctuation follows parenthetical citation ( ).

HOW TO CITE AN ONLINE SOURCE Article without author name You can also cite source using the article title (if no author is specified) in a signal phrase. According to “Animals Die in Labs …”, “More than 8,000 animals die each year from exposure to experimental drugs.” --source is cited before the direct quote or paraphrase --title of article is placed in quotation marks - if title is long, use only first 3-4 words of title

HOW TO CITE AN ONLINE SOURCE Article without author name or title “More than 8,000 animals die each year from exposure to experimental drugs” ( --source is cited after the direct quote or paraphrase --web site (not full URL) is placed in parentheses --ending punctuation follows parenthetical citation DO NOT USE A SIGNAL PHRASE WHEN CITING A WEB SITE!!!

FINAL OUTLINE II.Body Paragraph Two: Reason One a. Innocent animals die every year as a result of laboratory testing. b. “More than 8,000 animals die each year from exposure to experimental drugs” (Roberts). c. Statistics show that thousands of animals are dying from the drugs they are given in labs. These drugs make them sick and then they die. d. “Mice are typically used in drug testing. Sometimes mice suffer for months from the effects of the drugs they have been given and then they die” (“Animals Die in Labs …”). e. Not only do thousands of mice suffer from drug testing, they suffer for months before they die. Lab mice would not be dying by the thousands if they were not used as test animals. f. Clearly, innocent animals are dying painful deaths at the hands of drug companies.