+ Early European Explorers US History

a Navigator plans the course of a ship by using instruments to find its position. Prince Henry the Navigator (15 th Century) Began a school of navigation Portugal The voyages he funded led to the age of exploration The three G’s: Gold God Glory Motivated to find gold, and learn more about geography

REVIEW: Why Explore? ?????

+ A Water Route to Asia Jan. 1488, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa. Portuguese King named it the Cape of Good Hope b/c they hoped they found a possible water route to Asia.

+ Ten years later - Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, Africa through the Indian Ocean, becoming the first to complete an all-water route to Asia. Used the route by Dias. Could now trade with Asia without having to go through Islamic SW Asia, or the Italian controlled Mediterranean.

+ Portugal Grows Rich Portugal will take control of the spice trade after finding the all-water route. This made the people of Europe desire their riches. Spain and other European Rivals want their own part in this profitable trade. They start looking for an all-water route.

+ Christopher Columbus ( ) an Italian sailor who thought he knew a faster way to reach Asia. Europeans know the earth was round, so he sailed west thinking it would be a short journey. 2 Miscalculations: 1.Thought Asia stretched farther east than it really did. 2.Underestimated the distance around the globe. Asked the Portuguese king to fund the voyage, but did not receive their support. Turned to Portugal’s rival: Spain

+ King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella Supported the voyage- they wanted a share of trade with Asia’s riches. Queen Isabella, a devout catholic also supported the spread of Christianity. Problems: Doubts about the voyages calculations. Already in a costly war to drive Muslims out of Spain. Asking for a high profit for his services. o Demanded title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea o A percentage of any wealth he brought from Asia o Wanted to be ruler of the lands he found

+ Help From Spanish Rulers By January 1492, Spanish monarchs conquered the last Muslim stronghold and could now finance Columbus’ voyage. Finally reached an agreement, and assembled the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa María. After struggling to find a crew, 90 men agreed and loaded the ship with a years worth of food, fresh water firewood and other necessities.

+ Setting Sail The three ships set sail on August 3, 1492 By October 10 the crew was beginning to lose faith. Columbus kept two logs.. October 12, a sailor of the Pinta spotted land in the early hours of the morning, met land by noon. ~”Tierra, tierra!” Headed to the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa. Planned on using the trade winds that blew west.

+ Reaching the Americas Columbus thought he reached the Indies, islands of southeast Asia. He and his men were greeted by the Taino people, but Columbus mistakenly called them Indians. Claimed and named the Island San Salvador.

+ Reaching the Americas In January 1493, returned to Spain, believing he had found a new route to Asia… …No one knew he had landed near continents entirely unknown to Europeans.

+ An Expanding Horizon Made three more voyages back to the Americas. Never brought back the treasures he promised the Spanish rulers. Also failed to spread Christianity to new people.. In fact, Isabella learned he and his crew mistreated and enslaved the Natives. He died in 1506, Believing he had reached Asia and bitter he never received the fame or fortune he thought he deserved.

+ Information brought back from his voyages changed the way Europeans looked at the world. The ocean had always been seen as a barrier, now the ocean became a bridge connecting Europe with Africa and the Americas. Began an era of great wealth and power for Spain. As Spain’s wealth grew, England, France and other countries began sending voyages to the Americas. The 3 G’s: Gold God Glory