A centre of expertise in digital information management UKOLN is supported by: FRBR and Metadata Application Profiles Peter Cliff, Research Officer, UKOLN, University of Bath, UK Version Identification Workshop, London, UK, April This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0

A centre of expertise in digital information management Thanks to… Ann Chapman, UKOLN Julie Allinson, University of York

A centre of expertise in digital information management Overview Metadata Application Profiles DC Application Profiles A Domain Model: FRBR JISC Application Profiles Application Profiles in Practice

A centre of expertise in digital information management Metadata & Metadata Schema Structured data that makes like easier Elements & attributes –Title: “FRBR & Metadata Application Profiles” Elements grouped to form schema –Name and describe the elements

A centre of expertise in digital information management Problems with Schemas Built by “standards makers” Large & complex Inflexible

A centre of expertise in digital information management Application Profiles “Custom metadata schema built using existing schema” Allow implementers to “mix & match” schema to meet local needs Improved interoperability through links to the source schemas

A centre of expertise in digital information management Before Application Profiles Standards bodies & metadata schema Repositories & metadata definitionsUser Services

A centre of expertise in digital information management Before Application Profiles Standards bodies & metadata schema Repositories & metadata definitionsUser Legal:title DC:title title Services title ?

A centre of expertise in digital information management Enter Application Profiles Standards bodies & metadata schema Repositories & metadata definitions Services User Legal:title DC:title Legal:title DC:title

A centre of expertise in digital information management When is a metadata schema not a metadata schema? Application Profiles: May draw on one or more schema May NOT introduce new elements May specify permitted schemas and values Can refine standard definitions

A centre of expertise in digital information management Artificial implied interoperability Element agreement only – attribute values do not have to match Application Profiles: Issues elements Metadata schema No matching elements!

A centre of expertise in digital information management Dublin Core Application Profiles Singapore Framework –DCMI development by Mikael Nilsson, Thomas Baker and Pete Johnston –Attempt to standardise the design and documentation of application profiles for “maximum interoperability” “maximum reusability”

A centre of expertise in digital information management DCAP Components Functional Requirements Domain Model Description Set Profile Usage Guidelines Encoding Syntax Guidelines mandatory mandatory mandatory optional optional

A centre of expertise in digital information management DCAP in Colour

A centre of expertise in digital information management Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) IFLA study published in 1997/8, revised February User centric Identifies four user tasks: –Find –Identify –Select –Obtain “Allows room to dream of the ideal information retrieval system”

A centre of expertise in digital information management Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) “Seymour Lubetzky once said that ‘the catalogue has to tell you more than what you asked for.’ … If a user starts a search with one idea in mind and is presented with additional options, the user may prefer an alternative resource that he or she did not know existed and, therefore, would not have asked for directly.” Pat Riva, Introducing the FRBR and Related IFLA developments

A centre of expertise in digital information management FRBR Domain Model 10 entities, 3 groups –Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item –Person, Corporate Body –Concept, Object, Event, Place

A centre of expertise in digital information management

A centre of expertise in digital information management FRBR: The Diagram Item Manifestation Expression Work is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by FRBR Group One Entities & Primary Relationships Source: Fig. 3.1 FRBR report

A centre of expertise in digital information management w1: JS Bach’s Six Suites for Unaccompanied Cello FRBR: Example e1: Performances by Janos Starker, e2: Performances by Yo-Yo Ma, 1983 m1: LPs released in 1966 by Mercury i1: Copy for sale at acousticsounds i2: Copy for sale on eBay m2: CD re-release in 1991 by Mercury i1: Copy for sale at amazon.co.uk i2: Copy in Bath Public Library i3: Copy in University of Bath Library m1: LPs released in 1983 by CBS - no items available - m2: CD re-released in 1992 by CBS i1: Copy for sale at amazon.co.uk i2: Copy in Bath Public Library

A centre of expertise in digital information management w1: Minds, Madness and Application Profiles: A Study FRBR: Example II e2: Journal Articlee3: Conference Paper m1: Publisher PDF i1: From journal Web site i1: On shelf in Library e1: Draft Journal Article i2: In author’s repository m2: Printed copy m1: Author PDF i2: From author’s laptop i1: From author’s laptop i2: In author’s repository m2: Author Word Document m1: PDF version of talk i1: In Conference repository m2: Printed copy i1: In proceedings document in conference pack Lots of different versions and relationships. FRBR provides a framework to describe these. etc.

A centre of expertise in digital information management JISC Application Profiles For eprints: SWAP –January 2007 For images: –draft 10 th April 2008 For geospacial: –In development, draft available For time-based media: For learning objects: –UK-LOM Core + new AP in development

A centre of expertise in digital information management The SWAP Domain Model ScholarlyWork Expression 0..∞ isExpressedAs Manifestation isManifestedAs 0..∞ Copy isAvailableAs 0..∞ isPublishedBy 0..∞ isEditedBy 0..∞isCreatedBy 0..∞ isFundedBy isSupervisedBy AffiliatedInstitution Agent

A centre of expertise in digital information management SWAP Attributes ScholarlyWork title subject abstract grant number has adaptation identifier Expression Manifestation title description date available status version number/string language genre/type copyright holder has version has translation bibliographic citation references identifier (URI) format date modified identifier (URI) Copy date available licence is part of Agent name family name given name type of agent workplace homepage mailbox homepage identifier (URI)

A centre of expertise in digital information management Application Profiles in Practice Complex metadata – who makes it? Still not local enough? JISC Investment & Promotion OSS vendors starting to implement & after this session!

A centre of expertise in digital information management Application Profiles in Practice Use application profiles to inform your metadata decisions

A centre of expertise in digital information management SWAP Attributes ScholarlyWork title subject abstract grant number has adaptation identifier Expression Manifestation title description date available status version number/string language genre/type copyright holder has version has translation bibliographic citation references identifier (URI) format date modified identifier (URI) Copy date available licence is part of Agent name family name given name type of agent workplace homepage mailbox homepage identifier (URI)

A centre of expertise in digital information management Application Profiles in Practice Use application profiles to inform your metadata decisions Contribute to draft application profiles Contribute to OSS developments & pester vendors

A centre of expertise in digital information management Links Resources for this presentation can be found at: Slides available from: (from 23 rd April 2008 )

A centre of expertise in digital information management Questions?