Activity # 1 CFC’s OZONE The Stories of two chemicals:

1.Take a paper from the box. The number you take is your table 2. Each group needs a leader, a reader, a writer and a drawer. If there are more than 4 students in the group, there can be more readers, writers and drawers. 3. The leader must make sure that everybody pays attention, guide the discussions after each paragraph, and organize de work. He/she must also take the time so each task can be completed. At the end of this activity you must be able to answer questions related to the stories of two chemicals (Lesson 1.1 – p. 3 to 5)

4. Each student must complete the given activity paper 5. The readers must read out loud pages 3 to 5 stopping to discuss and complete the paper after each paragraph 6. The writers must write definitions and important ideas in the poster 7. The drawers must draw the required figures and diagrams in the poster. Cont. … Activity: the stories of two chemicals

8. The group must find out one important idea to share with the whole class and find a creative way to present it including it in the poster (for example a rhyme, an object that represents the idea, a song, a joke, an abstract drawing, etc.) 9. One person from the group will share the given important idea in a creative way 10. The poster and presentation will be graded 11. The activity paper completed must be signed by the teacher to get the credit Cont. … Activity: the stories of two chemicals

1. Group work Participation in your group 10 points Finish on time 10 points 2. Final poster: Neat and attractive 10 points All definitions complete 10 points Drawings and diagrams 10 points Important idea creatively presented 10 points 3.Presentation: Presents the important idea clearly 10 points 4. Auto-evaluation 30 points This is how you will be evaluated…

Science Others Social Sciences Religion Art Philosophy Literature Ways of gaining knowledge

Physical Science Life Science Environmental Science Physics Chemistry Matter, energy, and their relation. Matter, its composition, and its changes. Science

is the study of matter, its composition, and the changes it undergoes. “You and all the objects around you are composed of matter. By studying matter and the way it changes, you will gain and understanding of your body and all the “stuff” you see and interact within your everyday life. Chemistry, matter and change, Glencoe, 2002 Chemistry:

What is this matter that I have?. Chemists observe and measure properties of matter and the way matter changes to answer these questions. How much (of this matter) do I have? How can I change it (matter)? How much (matter) can I get and how fast? Chemistry tries to answer 4 basic questions

… “By understanding what matter is, how much you have of what kinds, how it can be changed from one form to another, and how fast those changes occur, you have the power to leave the World better than you found it. The alternative is to remain ignorant of matter, to allow changes to occur without considering their effect on your life, or to allow others to decide what changes will be made in the matter that makes up your world and that of future generations.” Herron, J.D.et al,Chemistry, D.C. Heath and Co.,Lexington, Ma, 1993,p. 4 and 5 …you have the power…

Mass : is the amount of material. Mass is what gives an object the properties of weight and inertia. Energy: The ability to cause changes in matter Weight : is a force and is due to the pull of gravity on the object. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

BranchArea of emphasis Organic ChemistryMost carbon-containing chemicals Inorganic ChemistryIn general, matter that does not contain carbon. Physical ChemistryThe behavior and changes of matter and the related energy changes. Analytical ChemistryComponents and composition of substances. BiochemistryMatter and processes of living organisms. Theoretical ChemistryWhy and how chemicals interact. Environmental Chem.The role chemicals play in the environment. Branches of Chemistry

A scientific method: is a systematic approach used in scientific study is an organized process to do research provides a method to for scientists to verify the work of others We can describe some steps of this scientific approach, but it is important to realize that each scientist may not follow them exactly or in a specific order. Therefore they must describe the exact procedure followed. The validity of the results must be confirmed by other scientists, following the described procedure. The Scientific Method

What do you observe in this diagram? The Scientific Method – Some Definitions -- a group of dark dots -- dots of different sizes -- dots of different shapes -- a white background -- more concentration of dots in some areas Observations: Inferences: -- it may be a Dalmatian -- sniffing the ground -- or drinking water -- many leaves on the ground -- or many rocks

Observation: What you perceive with your senses, qualitative data, or using tools (measurements), quantitative data. Inference: An interpretation of an observation. Examples: Classify the following as observations or inferences: It is very cloudy It is going to rain The boy is sad The boy is crying The student is looking at an open book The student is reading The Scientific Method – Some Definitions

Background Information: Before starting your investigation on a topic you like, you must find what is already known about the topic. You observe and infer first. Then you research in books, encyclopedia, magazines, your computer, talking to experts, etc… The summary of this knowledge is your background information and must be the base that supports your hypothesis. Hypothesis: Temporary or tentative explanation of what has been observed. Things as they might be. An educated guess. Experiment: A set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis. The Scientific Method – Some Definitions

Variable: A quantity or condition that can have more than one value. Independent Variable: The variable that you plan to change (manipulated variable). Dependent Variable: The variable that changes in response to a change in the independent variable (responding variable). Control: a standard for comparison. It may be an extra set up or just a color to compare etc. Controlled variables: Variables that you control so they don’t affect the results. …cont. …the Scientific Method – Some Definitions

Conclusion: A judgment based on the the information obtained Theory: An attempt to explain why something happens. It is an explanation that has been supported by many experiments. Law: Summarizes what happens. The formulation of an observed behavior. It is a relationship in nature that has been supported by many experiments. Model: A representation. A theory in the form of a picture or idea about something that cannot be viewed directly. It can also be defined as a visual, verbal and/or mathematical explanation of experimental data. …cont… The Scientific Method – More definitions

Scientific Method diagrams

Pure Research: seeks to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself. Applied Research: Is research undertaken to solve a specific problem. Give me some examples of pure and applied research…. Some great discoveries have been made by accident, unexpectedly. Technology: Is the practical use of scientific information, which is concerned with making improvements in human life and the world around us. Types of Scientific Investigations

Be prepared for the lab procedure. Read the ____________ prior to class or work. Do not proceed unless you understand the instructions. Do not perform experiments without your ____________’s permission. Never work __________ in the laboratory. Maintain a lab space ____________of paper, texts, and other clutter. Only lab manuals and notebooks should be in the work area. Read all _________ carefully before using a chemical. Check the name twice. If you are not familiar with the chemical, read the material ____________ data sheet first. Safety Rules: By following safety rules in the lab, you will help keep both yourself and others safe.

Use _________ the chemicals assigned to your area. Do not borrow chemicals from other labs or use items not listed on your lab’s inventory. Be familiar with the locations and procedures of all ___________ equipment, including safety _________, fire __________, fire __________________, spill controls, eyewash station, and fire exits. Follow ______written and verbal instructions. Do not attempt experiments beyond those that have been approved by your instructor or supervisor. Ask for ________________ if a technique or procedure is unclear or too difficult. Do not ________ or __________chemicals.

If chemicals come in contact with your eyes or skin flush the area immediately with large quantities of _____________. Immediately inform your _______________ of the nature of the spill. Wear splash goggles, face shields, gloves, and an approved apron in the laboratory. The gloves should match the chemicals being used for the procedure. Lab coats may be required in some labs. Wear appropriate clothing. Shoes must be ________ toed. Coats (weather) are not permitted. Bulky or expensive clothing and jewelry should not be worn. Leg coverings are a must. Long hair should be ___________ or ________ back.

Do not wear contact _____________in the lab, even under goggles. Lenses can absorb vapors and are _____________ to remove in case of an emergency. Do not ______, ________, or __________ gum in the lab. Do not use _______________ liquids near ignition sources such as burners or hot plates. Never leave a Bunsen burner ____________. When heating a substance in a test tube, be careful not to ____________ the mouth of the test tube at another person or yourself. Never look down the mouth of a test tube. Do not heat graduated cylinders, burettes or pipettes with a laboratory ________________.

Do not use chipped, broken, or cracked _________________ in any procedures. Return unused chemicals to the ________________ container. Make sure all containers are labeled and that the labels are readable. Do not insert droppers into ______________ bottles. Pour a small amount of the chemical into a ____________. Follow the proper ____________ for the disposal of chemicals, broken glass and products of reactions. Do not pour down the ____________ sink without checking the procedures. Know the correct procedure to ____________ acid solutions. Always add the acid slowly to the ____________. Do not add water to the acid.

____________ all chemical spills and accidents to your instructor or supervisor immediately. Refer to the spill procedures posted for the lab. Keep the balance area clean and never place chemicals ____________ on the ____________ of the balance. ____________ the area after you have completed your work. Use only cleaning products approved for the work area. ____________the personal protective equipment used and your ____________ before leaving the lab. Make sure the gas and water are turned ______. Wash your hands with soap and water before you ____________the lab.