Exxon Valdez Oil Spill of 1989 By: Ramsey Diven
Introduction -Occurred in March of 1989 -Exxon Valdez Supertanker ran aground on Bligh Reef -11 million gallons of oil spilled into Prince William Sound, Alaska
Intro Continued -The Ship’s Captain, Joseph J. Hazelwood impaired by alcohol -He gave Gregory Cousins (third mate) instruction to leave shipping lanes to avoid icebergs. -Robert Kagan replaced Cousins, failed to make the turn back into shipping lanes. -Ran aground Bligh Reef around midnight March 24, 1989
Effects of The Spill -1,300 miles of shoreline impacted - Oil can still be found in virtually every cove or beach, just under the surface (Rj Kopchak) -Many people lost source of income due to decrease in fish population -A countless number of animals died; estimates are: 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, up to 22 killer whales, and billions of salmon and herring eggs.
Human Aspect -Captain impaired by alcohol -Crew member’s suffered from fatigue -Exxon had not properly prepared the ship -Exxon was not prepared for an accident of such extremes
Animals Affected - Seabirds -Sea otters -Harbor seals -Bald eagles -Killer Whales -Salmon & Herring eggs
Clean Up - 3 methods: burning, mechanical cleanup, chemical dispersants
New Rules and Regulations - US Coast guard now closely monitors tankers via satellite -Two escort vessels accompany tanker through the sound -Congress established legislation requiring tankers to be double-hulled by 2015 -Contingency planning for oil spills up to 12.6 million gallons - skimming systems now recover over 300,000 barrels in 72 hours
New Rules and Regulations Continued - seven barges available to put oil/water mix into, can hold over 800,000 barrels - 40 miles of containment boom in PW Sound -Dispersants are plenty, systems in place to apply from helicopters, airplanes, and boats
Works Cited http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/sub jects/e/exxon_valdez_oil_spill_1989/ http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=facts.QA http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/other- resources/lingering-oil-the-lasting-effects-of-exxon- valdez-329127 http://www.valdezrca.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill#Id entified_causes