Physical Oceanography Chapter 20.1
Branches of Oceanography Physical Oceanography - study of the motions of seawater, particularly waves currents and tidal motion. Physical Oceanography - study of the motions of seawater, particularly waves currents and tidal motion. Chemical Oceanography - chemistry of seawater and reactions between the atmosphere and hydrosphere. More recently looks at how changes in seawater temperature (El Nino) and salinity affect global climate. Chemical Oceanography - chemistry of seawater and reactions between the atmosphere and hydrosphere. More recently looks at how changes in seawater temperature (El Nino) and salinity affect global climate.
Biological Oceanography - study of life in the oceans, includes marine biology and ecology. Biological Oceanography - study of life in the oceans, includes marine biology and ecology. Geological Oceanography - study of the shape and geologic features of the ocean floor. Geological Oceanography - study of the shape and geologic features of the ocean floor.
Major Oceans The three major oceans are : 1._______-largest, deepest, coldest, least salty. 2.__________- second largest, shallow, warm, salty. 3. _________- intermediate in depth, temperature, and salinity. The three major oceans are : 1._______-largest, deepest, coldest, least salty. 2.__________- second largest, shallow, warm, salty. 3. _________- intermediate in depth, temperature, and salinity. The _______Ocean near the north pole, and the ____________ Ocean near the south pole contain vast expanses of sea ice. The _______Ocean near the north pole, and the ____________ Ocean near the south pole contain vast expanses of sea ice. Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic Antarctic
Methods of Studying the Ocean The Topex/Poseidon _____________ orbits 1331 km above the Earth, gathering information about the oceans. _____________ maps ocean floor topography by timing how long it takes sound waves to bounce off the ocean floor. Underwater vessels called _________________ investigate the deepest ocean trenches. satellite Sonar submersibles
Sonar (also called echo-sounding) Sound waves travel how fast in seawater? Sound waves travel how fast in seawater? How deep is the water if it takes ten seconds for the sound wave to go from ship to ocean floor and back to ship? How deep is the water if it takes ten seconds for the sound wave to go from ship to ocean floor and back to ship? 1,454 m/s 7,270 m Calculation: (10 s times 1,454 m/s divided by 2 )
Submersibles Underwater research vessels, called submersibles, also enable oceanographers to study the ocean depths. Underwater research vessels, called submersibles, also enable oceanographers to study the ocean depths. They can perform tasks ranging from photography to collecting samples. They can perform tasks ranging from photography to collecting samples.
Several types of submersibles have been used for underwater research. Several types of submersibles have been used for underwater research. One early type is the bathysphere, a spherical diving vessel that was first used for deep-ocean exploration. One early type is the bathysphere, a spherical diving vessel that was first used for deep-ocean exploration. This vessel carries scientists and is lowered down by cables. This vessel carries scientists and is lowered down by cables.
Another type of submersible is called a bathyscaph. Another type of submersible is called a bathyscaph. This is a self propelled, free moving submarine. This is a self propelled, free moving submarine. Alvin is a well known example. Alvin is a well known example. Hold 1 pilot and 2 scientists. Hold 1 pilot and 2 scientists.
Alvin
Robot submersibles enable the ocean to be study at depths that are unsafe for humans. Robot submersibles enable the ocean to be study at depths that are unsafe for humans. Jason Jr, a highly maneuverable robot toured the inside of the titanic. Jason Jr, a highly maneuverable robot toured the inside of the titanic. They can tour undersea volcanoes and canyons. They can tour undersea volcanoes and canyons.
Jason Jr.
The picture below is of a _____________. The picture below is of a _____________. submersible