Rise of Democracy Ch 1.1

Greek Roots of Democracy The Rise of Greek City-States The Rise of Greek City-States Mountains and sea separated Greek city-states Mountains and sea separated Greek city-states Fiercely independent Fiercely independent Set up colonies all around the Mediterranean by 750 B.C. Set up colonies all around the Mediterranean by 750 B.C. Greeks designed each large city-state Greeks designed each large city-state Acropolis for temples and a lower walled city for homes, a market, and public buildings Acropolis for temples and a lower walled city for homes, a market, and public buildings Different forms of government evolved Different forms of government evolved from monarchy, to aristocracy, and in some places oligarchy from monarchy, to aristocracy, and in some places oligarchy

Greek Roots of Democracy Sparta Sparta Warrior society & Military state Warrior society & Military state boys began training at age 7 boys began training at age 7 Stayed in the barrack until age 30 Stayed in the barrack until age 30 Girls also endured rigid upbringing Girls also endured rigid upbringing Expected to produce health sons for the army Expected to produce health sons for the army Govt. included two kings and a council of elders Govt. included two kings and a council of elders Citizens were male over the age of 30 Citizens were male over the age of 30 Assembly of male citizens approved major decisions Assembly of male citizens approved major decisions Had little use for education Had little use for education

Greek Roots of Democracy Athens in the Age of Pericles Athens in the Age of Pericles Athens experienced a “golden age” under the leadership of, Pericles Athens experienced a “golden age” under the leadership of, Pericles government during this time was a direct democracy government during this time was a direct democracy every citizen voted directly on issues every citizen voted directly on issues jury duty was also expected of citizens jury duty was also expected of citizens Athens became the cultural center of Greece Athens became the cultural center of Greece Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta ended Athens domination of Greece Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta ended Athens domination of Greece

The Persian Wars 500 B.C. Athens is the wealthiest city- state. 500 B.C. Athens is the wealthiest city- state. 490 B.C. Persian Empire invades Greece 490 B.C. Persian Empire invades Greece Athens sent ships to help the Greek city- states in Ionia Athens sent ships to help the Greek city- states in Ionia Persian ruler Darius I sent forces to crush Athens Persian ruler Darius I sent forces to crush Athens Athenians won a battle near Marathon Athenians won a battle near Marathon later joined forces with other city-states to maintain an advantage over Persia later joined forces with other city-states to maintain an advantage over Persia

Greek Roots of Democracy The Greek Philosophers The Greek Philosophers Greek philosophers tried to discover universal truths Greek philosophers tried to discover universal truths these truths would hopefully lead to better government and proper ethics these truths would hopefully lead to better government and proper ethics influential philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. influential philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates Socrates questioned fellow citizens about their beliefs questioned fellow citizens about their beliefs used a process called “Socratic Method” used a process called “Socratic Method” believed the unexamined life was not worth living believed the unexamined life was not worth living

Greek Roots of Democracy Plato Plato Student of Socrates, set up his own school in Athens Student of Socrates, set up his own school in Athens Believed reason led to genuine knowledge Believed reason led to genuine knowledge Described his ideal state in “The Republic” Described his ideal state in “The Republic” rejected Athenian democracy rejected Athenian democracy believed the state should regulate citizens lives believed the state should regulate citizens lives

Greek Roots of Democracy Aristotle Aristotle Was Plato’s most favorite student Was Plato’s most favorite student Tutored Alexander the Great Tutored Alexander the Great Favored a constitutional government ruled by the middle class Favored a constitutional government ruled by the middle class Believed the city-state represented the best form of human community Believed the city-state represented the best form of human community Believed good conduct meant perusing the “golden mean” Believed good conduct meant perusing the “golden mean” Promoted reason as the guiding force to learning Promoted reason as the guiding force to learning

Alexander and the Hellenistic Age Macedonian ruler Philip II Macedonian ruler Philip II Came to control all of Greece Came to control all of Greece Alexander the Great (His son) Alexander the Great (His son) created an enormous empire that stretched into Persia and Egypt. created an enormous empire that stretched into Persia and Egypt. conquests spread Greek culture. He married a Persian woman and urged others to do the same. conquests spread Greek culture. He married a Persian woman and urged others to do the same. Hellenistic civilization Hellenistic civilization This mixing of cultures created a new blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures This mixing of cultures created a new blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures