United States History

Second Great Awakening  Religious revivals swept through the north 1830  New Evangelist movement called on people to repent from their sins  All classes responded to this movement

Lyman Beecher

Social Reform  Inspired by the religious movement  American Bible Society – distributed Bibles – 140,000 mostly in the west  Groups wanted..  Curb non-religious activities on Sabbath  End - Gambling, Prostitution, Dueling  Drinking alcohol

Temperance Movement  End the consumption of alcohol  Started from religious movement  Women played an important part  Wanted to protect their homes from the effects of alcohol  American Temperance Societies – 1826  ,000 branches  Consumption of hard liquor declined 50% -1830’s

"In the Monster's Clutches."

Marriage & Family  White middle-class family underwent major changes  People started getting married for love  Parents exercised less control over children’s selection of mates  Wives became companions – less like servants  Husband remained head of the household

 Most men felt that a woman’s place was in the home  Women should strive to be the ideal wife and mother  Did not work outside the home but labored in the home  Not the same for lower class

Childhood  Families became child-centered – raising children the main function of a family  Size of family decreased

Education  expansion of public education  Most developed in New England  Horace Mann – helped establish the State Board of Education MA  Believed children were clay in the hands of a teacher

Horace Mann

 Compulsory attendance laws  Alienated working class  Three R’s (reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmetic  Textbooks  Morality also taught

Thesis Statement Warm-up Discuss how the social reform movements evolved out of the Second Great Awakening and what impact if any these had on society.

Asylum  Criminals, lunatics, and paupers  Institution established – for those incapable of caring for themselves  Prisons, asylums, and poorhouses – did not achieve their goals

American Colonization Society  They wanted to send Blacks back to Africa  Many felt America would be a better place without blacks  Liberia – West Africa – few thousands blacks  Denied racial equality in America

Liberia

Africa

William Lloyd Garrison Anti-slavery movement Published the Liberator Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society Spoke against American Colonization Society

Abolitionist  Anti-slavery movement increased in the 1800’s  Religious leaders and women created this movement  Free blacks still treated as outcasts – racism

Women’s Rights  Women supporting anti-slavery movement also started to speak about women’s rights  Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton  Seneca Falls Declaration  Declaration of Sentiments – 1848 – All men and women were created equal

Lucretia Mott

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Shakers  Millennial Church of the United Society  Mother Ann Lee – feminine incarnation of Christ  Sexual equality  Minimized contact with the outside world

Transcendentalism  Literary and philosophical movement  Transcend the material world and obtain knowledge through a oneness with the universe