Hallucinogens Any of several drugs called psychedelics, that produce sensations such as distortions of time, space, sound, color, and other bizarre effects. LSD Mescaline Psilocybin (mushrooms) MDMA (Ecstasy)

LSD Discovered in 1938 –Lysergic acid which is a byproduct of a fungus that grows on rye and other grains first studies in the U.S. 1950’s large quantities used for scientific studies –pyscho-theraputic aid 1960’s Timothy Leary - mind expansion

LSD # 1 hallucinogen of abuse ROA: oral/absorption Form: Capsule, liquid, blotter paper –colorless, odorless, bitter taste Duration: 4 to 12 hours –peak 2 to 3 hours Dose: –1990’s 20 to 80 mcgs. –1960’s 100 to 200 mcgs. –Takes a minute to cause a reaction

LSD EFFECTS UNPREDICTABLE DEPEND ON DOSE, USER’S PERSONALITY, AND SETTING RAPID MOOD SWINGS HALLUCINATIONS MIS-PERCEPTIONS OF STIMULI –HEARING COLORS- SEEING SOUNDS

LSD 3 PHASE EFFECT 1: SOMATIC -CNS STIMULATION -INCREASE IN BODY TEMP. -INCREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE 2: SENSORY DISTORTION 3: PSYCHIC -CHANGES IN MOOD -DEPERSONALIZATION -PSYCHOTIC EPISODES -BAD TRIP

LSD FLASHBACKS: Caused by a similar stimulus NOT a latent chemical reaction. DRUG TESTIING: Difficult to detect- passes out of system within 30 hours. TOLERANCE: Develops quickly, decreases if use is discontinued.

LSD: Long Term Use Psychiatric Illness Disruption of personality LSD reduces the normal person’s ability to control emotional reactions-drug induced alterations of perception can be so intense, they overwhelm the individual’s ability to cope.

Psilocybin Source: Mushrooms 1/200 as potent as LSD ROA: Oral Duration: 6 to 10 hours Effects: Similar to LSD Dose: Varies based on mushrooms and quantity consumed.

Ketamine Rapid acting anesthetic -used in pediatric burn cases; dentistry -animal tranquilizer ROA: oral/inject/smoke/snorted Duration: 1 to 6 hours, 24 hours for full recovery Effects: numbness, respiratory depression, exaggerated sense of strength, sense of invulnerability, hallucinogen effects, paranoia, disassociative state

PCP Rapid acting anesthetic used for animals ROA: smoke/oral/snort/inject Duration: Smoke-peak effect 15 minutes; Oral - peak effect 2 hours Effects: bizarre and violent psychiatric reactions, agitation, disorganized thought, seizures, psychotic episodes, suicide. Only hallucinogen that elicits cravings

Mescaline From Peyote Cactus Used by Native American Church ROA: Oral Duration: 10 hours –Peak effect 30 to 90 min. Effects: –visual hallucinations –anxiety –stress reactions

MDMA: Ecstacy Synthetic Hallucinogen/Amphetamine Similar to mescaline/methamphetamine ROA: Oral/inject/smoke Duration: 6 to 8 hours Effects: Confusion, depression, anxiety, sleep problems, muscle tension, increase body temperature

MDMA: Ecstacy MDMA destroys seratonin receptors which are responsible for regulation of mood, aggression, sexual activity, and sleep. Prolonged use results in irreversible Parkinson disease like symptoms