Regional Laboratories Dr. Heidelore Fiedler UNEP Chemicals Branch, DTIE 11-13, chemin des Anémones CH-1219 Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland

Regional Laboratories 2 Stockholm Convention entered into force on 17 May 2004; Today it has 153 Parties and 152 signatories

Regional Laboratories 3 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) ChemicalParent POPsTransformation products Aldrinaldrin Chlordanecis- and trans-chlordanecis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane DDT4,4’-DDT, 2,4’-DDT4,4’-DDE, 2,4’-DDE, 4,4’-DDD, 2,4’-DDD Dieldrindieldrin EndrinendrinHCB Heptachlorheptachlor  -heptachlorepoxide Mirexmirex PCBΣPCB7 (7 congeners: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) PCB with TEFs* (12 congeners): 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189 PCDD/PCDF2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/PCDF (17 congeners) Toxaphenecongeners P26, P50, P62

Regional Laboratories 4 Candidate POPs – Present Status After risk management evaluations adopted and recommendation to include: ChlordeconeAnnex A without specific exemptions HexabromobiphenylAnnex A without specific exemptions  -HCH, lindaneAnnex A c-pentaBDEAnnex A with BDE-47 and BDE-99 as markers for enforcement purposes PFOS/PFOSF saltsAnnex A or B specifying the related control measures  -HCHAdopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluation  -HCHAdopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluation c-octaBDEAdopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluation and invites for further information on nona-BDE to complement risk profile (includes debromination) PentachlorobenzeneAdopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluation SCCPInformation currently available insufficient to support risk profile; invites for additional toxicity and ecotoxicity data Newly proposed EndosulfaneConsiderations suspended until POPRC-4 (Oct 2008)

Regional Laboratories 5 Global Monitoring of POPs (GMP) Guidelines developed and approved; 3 Core matrices: ambient air, human breast milk, human blood; Regional Organization Groups  report for COP-4 (May 2009); GEF projects under development; SAICM QSP projects.

Regional Laboratories 6 Regional Groups (Global Team) Africa: Congo (Rep of), Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Morocco, Tanzania; Asia: China, Fiji, India, Japan, Qatar, Syria; Central and Eastern Europe: Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Moldova, Slovak Republic; Group of Latin America and Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico (Ana Patricia Martínez Bolívar); Western European and Other Groups: Australia, Canada (Tom Harner), Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden

Regional Laboratories 7 Convention-driven Country Needs Effectiveness evaluation = Monitoring of all 12 POPs mothers’ milk, human blood, and air  Tier for: GMP basic POPs  Tier for: GMP dioxin-like POPs Performance levels of PCDD/PCDF in stack emissions associated with BAT: 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.5 ng TEQ/Nm³  Tier for: BAT/BEP – PCDD/PCDF Limit values for ”low POP content” in waste: 50 mg/kg for 10 intentional POPs 15  g TEQ/kg for PCDD/PCDF  Tier for: Low POP content – basic POPs  Tier for:Low POP content – PCB  Tier for: Low POP content – PCDD/PCDF

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Regional Laboratories 9 UNEP/GEF Project on POPs Analysis  Annex in SC GMP Guidance

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Regional Laboratories 11 Regional Distribution of POPs Labs RegionNumber of POPs Laboratories Africa38 Asia-Pacific38 Central and Eastern Europe55 Group of Latin America and Caribbean46 Western European and Other Groups21 Total in Databank198

Regional Laboratories 12 Overview on POPs Analyzed in 198 Labs FrequentlyLess Frequently POPNo of LabsPOPNo of Labs DDT151PCDD/PCDF55 HCB145 (GRULAC4) Heptachlor 144dl-PCB72 PCB 143 (GRULAC6) -drins121 Mirex75 Chlordane116Toxaphene90

Regional Laboratories 13 Grouping Basic POPs: Aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, HCB, mirex, toxaphene, PCB Dioxin-like POPs: PCDD/PCDF, dioxin-like PCB GMP matrices: Ambient air, mother’s milk, human blood Matrices for ”low POP content”: Soil, sediment, residue, product

Regional Laboratories 14 General Tier Assignment In GMP document named “laboratory instrumentation level”: TierInstrumentationAnalytes (1)HRGC/HRMSPCDD/PCDF, all PCB (= golden standard)All OCPs (2)HRGC/LRMS orPCB, HRGC with MS/MS PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB (at higher concentrations) Toxaphene if NCI (3) HRGC/ECDIndicator PCB, OCPs Except for toxaphene (9) HPLC or packed columnsNot adequate with ECD, LRMS; orfor POPs analysis HRGC/FID

Regional Laboratories 15 Scoring System 1.General Tier assigned according to instrumentation 2.Tier scores composed of: - 20% if accreditation according to ISO % if >50 samples analyzed annually (relevant group of sample matrices) - 50% if successful participation in relevant intercalibration study during last 3 years (preferably annual participation) Note: There are no intercalibration studies for PCB in transformer oils and no for stack emissions  Maximum score = 50 %.

Regional Laboratories 16 Tier Requirements per Matrix POPMatrixTier POPs pesticides:AbioticLabs at Tiers 1, 2, 3 BiotaLabs at Tiers 1, 2, 3 Toxaphene:BiotaLabs at Tiers 1, 2 (low contamination) PCBAbioticLabs at Tiers 1, 2, 3 BiotaLabs at Tiers 1, 2, 3 BiotaLabs a Tiers 1,2 (low contamination, e.g., blood) dl-PCBAbioticLabs at Tiers 1, 2 BiotaLabs at Tier 1, 2 PCDD/PCDFAbioticLabs at Tiers 1, 2 (except ambient air) BiotaLabs at Tier 1 (2) Stack emissionsLabs at Tier 1

Regional Laboratories 17 GMP Tiers Ambient air: POPs pesticidesTiers 1, 2, 3 (not toxaphene) PCDD/PCDF + dl-PCBTier 1 Int. intercalibrationNILU Human exposure – Mothers’ milk: POPs pesticidesTiers 1, 2, 3 (not toxaphene) PCDD/PCDF + dl-PCBTier 1 Int. intercalibrationCEAEQ, QUASIMEME, FAPAS, FIOH Human exposure – Human blood: POPs pesticidesTiers 1, 2 PCDD/PCDF + dl-PCBTier 1 Int. intercalibrationWHO mothers’ milk study Food/feed, e.g., FIOH, FAPAS

Regional Laboratories 18 Scoring System 1.General Tier assigned according to instrumentation Tier 1 = HRGC/HRMS, Tier 2 = HRGC/LRMS or HRGC/MS-MS Tier 3 = HRGC/ECD Tier 9 = no adequate instrumentation 2.Tier scores composed of: - 20% if accreditation according to ISO % if >50 samples analyzed annually (relevant group of sample matrices) - 50% if successful participation in relevant intercalibration study during last 3 years (preferably annual participation)

Regional Laboratories 19 Overview on Tier Assignment (198 Labs) Tier ClassificationAllGRULACTier GMP-basic POPs GMP-dl-POPs BAT/BEP Low POP-basic POPs Low POP-PCDD/PCDF Low POP-PCB

Regional Laboratories 20 GMP Basic POPs - GRULAC

Regional Laboratories 21 Canada - USA

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Regional Laboratories 23 Pilot Labs in UNEP/GEF Project

Regional Laboratories 24 Thank you very much for the invitation and for your attention !