HOT ROC What was the purpose of the Palmer Raids? To spark a communist revolution To round up suspected subversives To end the wave of postwar strikes To stop governmental abuse of civil liberties

Lynching in America

Social Tensions Review Rise in immigration leads to a rise in nativism Fears of immigrants taking jobs from citizens Fears of immigrants having ethnic conflicts with other immigrants and native-born

Anti-Immigration Laws Emergency Immigration Act of 1921 Immigration quota It let 3% of the USA’s population of immigrants from a certain country immigrate to the USA Banned all immigration from Asia. the Immigration act of 1924 The quota was changed to 2% of the population that came to the US in 1890. The year was changed so that immigrants from Northern Europe were the main people allowed to come in.

Violence The KKK started ~1867. Their main targets were: Blacks Immigrants Catholics Jews The leader (Imperial wizard) in the 1920’s was Hiram Wesley Evans. The KKK was most violent during this period of time. All of this was mostly ignored by law officials in the South.

Principles of the KKK (do not write down) Titles Sec. 1. The officers of this Order shall consist of a Grand Wizard of the Empire, and his ten Genii; a Grand Dragon of the Realm, and his eight Hydras; a Grand Titan of the Dominion, and his six Furies; a Grand Giant of the Province, and his four Goblins; a Grand Cyclops of the Den, and his two Night Hawks; a Grand Magi, a Grand Monk, a Grand Scribe, a Grand Exchequer, a Grand Turk, and a Grand Sentinel. Sec. 2. The body politic of this Order shall be known and designated as “Ghouls.” (Excerpted from “The Ku Klux Klan, Its Origin, Growth, and Disbandment,” by J.C. Lester and D. L. Wilson, edited by William Lynwood Fleming, 1905, p. 154ff (Fleming’s footnote)

Principles of the KKK (do not write down) Interrogations to be asked [Candidates] 4th. Did you belong to the Federal army during the late war, and fight against the South during the existence of the same? 5th. Are you opposed to negro equality, both social and political? 6th. Are you in favor of a white man’s government in this country? 7th. Are you in favor of Constitutional liberty, and a Government of equitable laws instead of a Government of violence and oppression? 9th. Are you in favor of the re-enfranchisement and emancipation of the white men of the South, and the restitution of the Southern people to all their rights, alike proprietary, civil, and political? 10th. Do you believe in the inalienable right of self-preservation of the people against the exercise of arbitrary and unlicensed power?... (Excerpted from “The Ku Klux Klan, Its Origin, Growth, and Disbandment,” by J.C. Lester and D. L. Wilson, edited by William Lynwood Fleming, 1905, p. 154ff (Fleming’s footnote)

Images from this time period Lynchings were public events. Whites saw them as festive events Designed to keep African-Americans in fear Postcards were made and sometimes even framed: http://withoutsanctuary.org/main.html

Background Information Lynching- Definition: To execute without due process of law, especially to hang, as by a mob.

Fighting Back NAACP (1909) Mission Statement: The vision of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is to ensure a society in which all individuals have equal rights and there is no racial hatred or racial discrimination. ACLU (1920) Strives to protect free speech and defend unpopular individuals and groups. Anti-Defamation League (1913) was founded by Sigmund Livingston to stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to ensure the fair treatment of all Americans. Southern Poverty Law Center (1971): http://www.splcenter.org/index.jsp

Discuss How (and for whom) were the founding ideals limited in the post-World War I years? How were they encouraged?