Science 24 Chemistry Unit!... Chemistry Unit!... Chapter 1 Useful Chemistry Chapter 1 Useful Chemistry

Matter and Chemical Change Synthetic products are man-made substances Synthetic products are man-made substances These include: nylon (first synthetic) These include: nylon (first synthetic) Kevlar Kevlar Gore-Tex and Gore-Tex and Polyester Polyester

Over one hundred years ago fabric was made from natural sources. We now rely more on synthetic materials. Over one hundred years ago fabric was made from natural sources. We now rely more on synthetic materials. Although it is still common to use natural sources such as cotton, wool, silk and flax (linen). Although it is still common to use natural sources such as cotton, wool, silk and flax (linen).

Pesticides Pest means “unwanted” and cide means “killing” Pest means “unwanted” and cide means “killing” Pesticides are used to kill things that humans consider pests Pesticides are used to kill things that humans consider pests Herbicides kill plants, Insecticides kill insects and Fungicides kill fungi Herbicides kill plants, Insecticides kill insects and Fungicides kill fungi

We use pesticides and herbicides and fungicides to insure that our land can grow adequate amounts of food…but we can also use non- chemical methods to control unwanted bugs… We use pesticides and herbicides and fungicides to insure that our land can grow adequate amounts of food…but we can also use non- chemical methods to control unwanted bugs…

Plastics, Polymers and Alloys Polymers are giant molecules made up of many small identical sub-molecules Polymers are giant molecules made up of many small identical sub-molecules

Synthetic Polymers and Their Uses PolymerPropertiesUses Neoprene Rubbery, porous and insulating Shoe soles, wetsuits, floosie- woosies Polyethylene Easily formed and lightweight Milk jugs Polystyrene Non-absorbing, poor conductor StyrofoamInsulation Polyurethane Flexible, fibrous, non-absorbing Upholstery and clothing

Alloys An alloy is a mixture of metals in solution made to look like one metal, they have properties of the original metal. An alloy is a mixture of metals in solution made to look like one metal, they have properties of the original metal.

Chemistry at Home Dangerous chemicals in your home carry warning labels Dangerous chemicals in your home carry warning labels HHPS – Hazardous Household Product Symbols HHPS – Hazardous Household Product Symbols

The symbols are inside of shapes that look like road signs. The symbols are inside of shapes that look like road signs. That way it is easier to remember how dangerous they are… That way it is easier to remember how dangerous they are…

Chemist’s Chocolate Chip Cookies 500 mL mixture of 75% starch and 25% protein (flour) 500 mL mixture of 75% starch and 25% protein (flour) 5 mL NaHCO 3(s) - sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) 5 mL NaHCO 3(s) - sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) 5mL NaCl (s) 250 mL – CH 3 (CH 2 ) (16) COOH (s) – partially hydrogenated tallow triglyceride or butter) 5mL NaCl (s) 250 mL – CH 3 (CH 2 ) (16) COOH (s) – partially hydrogenated tallow triglyceride or butter) 175 mL – refined C 12 H 22 O 11(s) (sucrose or white sugar) 175 mL – refined C 12 H 22 O 11(s) (sucrose or white sugar)

175 mL refined C 12 H 22 O 11(s) (sucrose refined with molasses or brown sugar) 175 mL refined C 12 H 22 O 11(s) (sucrose refined with molasses or brown sugar) 5 mL C 8 H 8 O 3(l) ( 4 hydroxy-3-methanoxybenzaldehyde or vanilla ) 5 mL C 8 H 8 O 3(l) ( 4 hydroxy-3-methanoxybenzaldehyde or vanilla ) 2 medium calcium carbonate encapsulated avian-produced, albumen-coated protein, shells removed (eggs) 2 medium calcium carbonate encapsulated avian-produced, albumen-coated protein, shells removed (eggs) 500 mL C 12 H 22 O 11(s) theoborma cacao chips (chocolate chips) 500 mL C 12 H 22 O 11(s) theoborma cacao chips (chocolate chips)