Philosophy “ Artificial Intelligence ”

Artificial Intelligence Questions!!! What is consciousness? What is consciousness? What is mind? What is mind? Can a non-human have a mind? Can a non-human have a mind? Can a computer/robot have a mind? Can a computer/robot have a mind? If so, how could you tell? If so, how could you tell?

A.I. Definitions Strong A.I. Strong A.I. –Machine is intelligent – thinks and reasons; Has a “ mind ” Weak A.I. Weak A.I. –Machine mimics intelligence – follows clever and complex programming that makes the machine appear intelligent –Machine is a tool, not an intelligent mind

Question: Question: How would you know which of these two machines you are dealing with? How would you know which of these two machines you are dealing with? How would you know if a machine was intelligent? What test would you run? How would you know if a machine was intelligent? What test would you run?

Alan Turing (1950) Computer Scientist Proposed: Turing Test Turing Test –If an observer was sitting at a teletype and communicating by only typing and reading messages, and he/she could not tell the difference between a human and a computer on the other side of the teletype, then the computer should be considered intelligent.

Modern day version is the Loebner Prize Modern day version is the Loebner Prize –$100,000 to the first person who can fool ten judges during three hours of unrestricted communication –$2000 per year for the best effort –Is this a good test? –Does it prove the machine intelligent? –How would you prove you are intelligent?

Chinese Room Argument – John Searle (1980) Assertion: Computers that are programmed to execute instructions will never be “ intelligent ” Assertion: Computers that are programmed to execute instructions will never be “ intelligent ” Room with two chutes (one in and one out) Room with two chutes (one in and one out) People, who want to translate Chinese to English, put the Chinese writings in one of the chutes and soon after, the English translation comes out the other chute. People, who want to translate Chinese to English, put the Chinese writings in one of the chutes and soon after, the English translation comes out the other chute.

Inside the room is a man with a detailed script (program). He uses the English rules written in the script to manipulate the Chinese characters. The script is so good that when a Chinese speaker sees the translation he thinks the room “ knows ” Chinese because the translations are flawless. Inside the room is a man with a detailed script (program). He uses the English rules written in the script to manipulate the Chinese characters. The script is so good that when a Chinese speaker sees the translation he thinks the room “ knows ” Chinese because the translations are flawless. However, in reality, the person in the room only knows English, not a word of Chinese, but can follow directions. However, in reality, the person in the room only knows English, not a word of Chinese, but can follow directions.