CELLS.

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Presentation transcript:

CELLS

ZOOMING in on CELLS

Smallest unit of an organism that carries on life functions. CELLS CELL: Smallest unit of an organism that carries on life functions.

How Big is a Cell? ?

2 CELL TYPES

PROKARYOTIC CELLS Unicellular (one-celled) organisms bacteria

EUKARYOTIC CELLS Make up multi-cellular organisms. Protists Fungi Plants Animals

COMPARING CELLS Size and shape relate to the cell’s function.

STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY

CELL WALLS Composed of cellulose ROLE: Protects the cells of Plants Algae Fungi Most bacteria

CELL MEMBRANE Protective layer around all cells Inside cell wall (if the cell has a wall) ROLE: Regulates material entering and leaving the cell (oxygen, food, waste, etc.)

CYTOPLASM Gelatinlike substance inside cell membrane. ROLE: Scaffolding-like structure, helps cell keep its shape Contains hereditary info. in Eukaryotic cells to help life processes

NUCLEUS ROLE: Contains instructions for everything the cell does. Includes DNA

ENERGY-PROCESSING ORGANELLES Help cells carry on their processes. Chloroplasts: green organelles in plants that make food. Mitochondria: store and release energy from food.

MANUFACTURING ORGANELLES Ribosomes: Make proteins for cell activities. Sometimes attach to endoplasmic reticulum.

PROCESSING, TRANSPORTING, and STORING ORGANELLES Endoplasmic Reticulum: series of smooth or rough folded membranes where materials can be processed and moved around in the cell.

Golgi-Bodies: Stacked, flat membranes Sort and package proteins, etc. into structures called vesicles. Vesicles: deliver cellular substances to the cell membrane where they are released. Vacuole: Temporary storage of materials (water, waste, food, etc)

RECYCLING ORGANELLES Lysosomes: have digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts.