Anatomy and Physiology of Plants and Animals

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
LG 3 – Gas Exchange, Circulation, Digestion, and Excretion
Advertisements

Biology Main points/Questions
Explain How do insects, reptiles, and birds eliminate ammonia and how do mammals eliminate ammonia Apply Concepts How do kidneys help maintain homeostasis.
Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.
Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont St. Francis Xavier University Body Fluid Regulation.
29.2 Form and Function in Invertebrates
Patterns in Nature Dot Point 4 Review
TRANSPORT Adaptations for Transport TRANSPORT: It is the process by which substances move into or out cells or are distributed within cells.
CHAPTER 6 TEST REVIEW ANIMALS- OBTAINING ENERGY. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TEETH OF... Carnivores Herbivores omnivores.
Lesson Overview 27.2 Respiration.
Relate Cause and Effect Why do some animals actively pump water over their gills Interpret Visuals Contrast the structures of amphibian, reptilian, and.
Part of the Patterns in Nature Module Biology in Focus, Preliminary Course Glenda Childrawi and Stephanie Hollis Patterns in Nature Topic 13: Movement.
Excretion and transport in other organisms Unit 1 Area of Study 2 – transport systems.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY: ANIMAL BODY SYSTEMS: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AISD
THE HUMAN BODY Part B: Respiration, Transportation, Waste Removal and Exercise.
Plant Transport.
Biology 11 A.MacAskill.  All cells require a constant supply of:  Oxygen  Nutrients  All cells need to get rid of waste products:  Carbon Dioxide.
Chapter 29 – Comparing Invertebrates B $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Topic 1Topic 2Topic 3Topic 4 Topic 5 FINAL ROUND.
Evolution of Organ Systems
Circulation and Respiration
Homeostatic mechanisms reflect both common ancestry and divergence due to adaptation in different environments.
I. Circulation A. Circulatory systems 1. gastrovascular cavity - very simple - flatworms.
Every organism must exchange materials and energy with its environment, and this exchange ultimately occurs at the cellular level. Cells live in aqueous.
Representative Organisms. Protists Transport and Excretion: carry out diffusion to get nutrients into the cell and waste out of the cell – Once inside.
Section 2 Invertebrates & Vertebrates
Structural Adaptations. 2 4 What is the primary organ for photosynthesis for a plant? Leaf, chlorophyll captures sunlight in chloroplasts to.
Lesson Overview 27.3 Circulation.
Section 27.1 Summary – pages  Mollusks have a well-developed circulatory system that includes a three-chambered heart. Circulation in mollusks.
Body Systems A Brief Overview. Levels of Organization in Living Things Cell –Red blood cell –Epithelial cell –Neuron Tissue –Epithelial tissue –Connective.
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems. These two systems work together to provide oxygen and food to cells.
Explain Which groups of animals tend to have open circulatory systems and which have closed. Compare and Contrast What is the major structural difference.
UNIT 2 The nutrition function Natural Science 2. Secondary Education DIFFERENT CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS.
Lecture 20: Comparative anatomy What do animals do to survive? havearecarry out withsuch as All Animals FeedingRespirationCirculationExcretionResponseMovementReproduction.
UNIT 2 The nutrition function Natural Science 2. Secondary Education RESPIRATION IN DIFFERENT ANIMALS.
Anatomy and Physiology in Invertebrates
Animal and Plant Nutrient Transport. Remember how Animals Absorb in their Intestines?
Comparative Anatomy: Animal Body Systems: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Sydney Taylen Cole Jessica Garrett,. Obtaining Food Filter Feeders – filter feeders catch algae and small animals by using modified gills as nets to filter.
Chapter 6, lesson 2 Respiration and Circulation. In order to obtain (get) energy in food, animals must carry out chemical reactions: Food molecules join.
Animals. 1.Animals are all heterotrophs, meaning that they obtain nutrients and energy by feeding on organic compounds from other organisms.
Life Functions.
6 Distribution of materials. Blood is an important transporting tissue. The blood of mammals is made up of several different components. Arteries are.
Invertebrate anatomy and physiology Aka: invertebrate form and function.
Lesson Overview Lesson OverviewExcretion Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.
Lesson Overview Lesson OverviewCirculation Lesson Overview 27.3 Circulation.
Animal Systems: Feeding and Digestion Chapter 27.1.
Circulatory Diversity
Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.
Lesson Overview 27.3 Circulation.
Circulatory System Plant Vascular Systems
Lesson Overview 27.2 Respiration.
Lesson Overview 27.3 Circulation.
Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.
Plants and animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials. 5th grade Life Sciences.
Learning Goal 3 – Digestion and Excretion
Learning Goal 2 – Gas Exchange and Circulation
Lesson Overview 27.2 Respiration.
Lesson Overview 27.3 Circulation.
Animal Kingdom: Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Anatomy: Animal Body Systems: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Lesson Overview 27.2 Respiration.
Animal Kingdom: Comparative Anatomy
Structure and Function
Metabolism and Survival
Lesson Overview 27.2 Respiration.
Animal Circulatory Systems
The Invertebrates .
Lecture 20: Comparative anatomy
An overview Invertebrates.
Presentation transcript:

Anatomy and Physiology of Plants and Animals Learning Goal Describe systems for gas exchange, circulation, digestion, and excretion in plants, animals, and humans.

Plants Gas Exchange Openings on the underside of leaves, called stomata, allow plants to take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen during photosynthesis.

Cells called guard cells surround the stomata and cause them to open and close in response to water pressure within the guard cells.

Circulation Water and food are transported throughout plants in tube-like vascular tissue called xylem and phloem. Water moves through xylem from the roots.

Mechanical Properties of Water Transpiration Evaporation of water out of plants Greater than water used in growth and metabolism Cohesion-tension mechanism of water transport Evaporation from mesophyll walls Replacment by cohesion (H-bonded) water in xylem Tension, negative pressure gradient, maintained by narrow xylem walls, wilting is excess tension

Sugars made by the plant for food are moved from the leaves where photosynthesis takes place into other parts of the plant in the phloem.

Movement of Organic Substances Through Phloem Source: Any region of plant where organic substance is loaded into phloem Companion and transfer cells, use free energy Sink: Any region of plant where organic substance is unloaded from phloem Pressure flow mechanism moves substance by bulk flow under pressure from sources to sinks Based on water potential gradients

Digestion Plants don’t have to digest their food the way animals do because they take in very small nutrients and make their own sugar molecules.

Excretion The stomata act as openings through which by-products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration exit (CO2 O2, and H2O)

Invertebrates Gas Exchange Most aquatic invertebrates exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through gills. They are feathery structures that expose a large surface area to the water. Examples: mollusks, arthropods.

Terrestrial invertebrates have respiratory surfaces covered with water or mucus. They range from book lungs in spiders to spiracles (openings) that open into tracheal tubes in insects.

Circulation Open circulatory system – blood contained in vessels and sinuses (large spaces) pumped by one or more heart-like organs. Examples: arthropods and most mollusks

Closed circulatory system – a heart-like organ forces blood through vessels that extend throughout the body. Examples: annelids and some mollusks

Digestion Intracellular digestion Small particles of food enter cells, and are broken down, then nutrients are passed to other cells. Examples: sponges, jellyfish

Extracellular digestion Food is broken down outside of cells in a digestive cavity or tract then absorbed by cells. Examples: mollusks, annelids, arthropods

Excretion: Aquatic Invertebrates Ammonia (a toxic by-product of protein break down) moves out of cells directly into surrounding water.

Terrestrial Invertebrates Tube-like structures called nephridia turn ammonia into less toxic substances like urea and uric acid, then release it into the environment.

Vertebrates Gas Exchange Gills in aquatic vertebrates like fish and amphibian larvae (tadpoles)

Lungs in terrestrial vertebrates like mature amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Both gills and lungs consist of moist surfaces containing many tiny blood vessels through which oxygen and carbon dioxide move.

Circulation Fish – single loop circulatory system with a two chambered heart.

Amphibians – double loop system with one loop carrying blood between the heart and lungs and the other loop carrying blood between heart and rest of body. Heart has three chambers.

Most reptiles have a double loop system with a three chambered heart, but the heart is partitioned so that there is less mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood than in amphibians.

Birds, mammals, and crocodilians have a four-chambered completely divided heart in a double loop system.

Digestion All vertebrates have extracellular digestion with digestive organs suited for different feeding habits.

Carnivores have short digestive tracts, while herbivores have longer digestive tracts.

Excretion Most vertebrates rely on kidneys to get rid of nitrogenous waste.

As proteins are broken down, ammonia forms but is converted to less toxic urea or uric acid, then eliminated by the kidneys. Kidneys are also important in regulating water and other substances in body fluids.