Chapter 11 – Forces in Fluids

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 11 – Forces in Fluids Pressure = force/area Examples of units for pressure: newtons/m2 lbs/in2 Fluid (liquid or a gas) exerts pressure in all directions. All the forces exerted by the individual molecules in a fluid add together to make up the total pressure of a fluid.

Atmospheric Pressure Average atmospheric pressure at sea level = 10.1 N/cm2 In English units atmospheric pressure is 14.7 lbs/in2 This is the weight of the column of air above us. Air pressure decreases with elevation (ears pop). Water pressure increases with depth

Pascal’s principle – When a force is applied to a confined fluid, an increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid Hydraulic system can multiply force

Buoyancy Archimedes’s principle – the buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the water it displaces. If the buoyant force is greater than the gravitational force (weight) on the object, the object will float.

Density = mass/volume Density of water = 1g/cm3 = 1g/mL If the density of an object is greater than one, it will sink. If the density of an object is less than one, it will float **in water**

Examples: airplane wing Bernoulli’s Principle – The faster air moves over a surface the less pressure it exerts on the surface Examples: airplane wing Wind goes faster over the top of the wing (less pressure)

Examples: wind over a surface Paper Ground **Less pressure on the top of the paper **

Examples: Atomizer Air Low pressure pulls liquid up Liquid

Example: Ball in a vertical air stream Less pressure on right pulls the ball back into air stream