Rise of Organized Labor (1877 – 1910)

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Presentation transcript:

Rise of Organized Labor (1877 – 1910)

The Changing American Labor Force

Child Labor

Child Labor

“Galley Labor”

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents

Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor “scabs” P. R. campaign Pinkertons lockout blacklisting yellow-dog contracts court injunctions open shop boycotts sympathy demonstrations informational picketing closed shops organized strikes “wildcat” strikes

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

“An injury to one is the concern of all!” Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly “An injury to one is the concern of all!”

Knights of Labor trade card

Goals of the Knights of Labor 8 hour workday Cooperatives (Co-Ops) Abolition of child / prison labor Increased circulation of greenbacks Equal pay for men & women Safety Codes Limit/prohibit foreign labor. Abolition of National Bank.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket Martyrs

The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

How the AF of L Helps Workers Skilled Workers Lobbied govt. for rights & protection Maintain national strike fund! Mediate disputes among smaller craft unions Mediate disputes between management/labor Pushed for closed shops

Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

Big Corporate Profits!

A “Company Town”: Pullman, IL

Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

The Pullman Strike of 1894

President Grover Cleveland “If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!”

Government by injunction! The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

The Socialists Eugene V. Debs

Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel” Mary Harris. Organizer for the United Mine Workers. Founded the Social Democratic Party in 1898. One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism. “Big Bill” Haywood of the IWW Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

I W W & the Internationale

The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

The “Bread & Roses” Strike DEMANDS: 15¢/hr. wage increase. Double pay for overtime. No discrimination against strikers. An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line. An end to discrimination against foreign immigrant workers.

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

The “Formula” Unions + Violence + Strikes + Socialists + Immigrants = ANARCHY!!!!

Labor Union Membership However, Union workers made up only 5% of workforce

Workers Benefits Today

The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

Right-to-Work States Today