Key Terms Mississippi Plan Mississippi Plan Grandfather clause Grandfather clause Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy v. Ferguson “Birth of a Nation” “Birth of a Nation” Strange Fruit Strange Fruit Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois W.E.B. DuBois NAACP NAACP Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey

Political Representation The Mississippi Plan The Mississippi Plan Poll Tax Poll Tax Literary Competency Tests Literary Competency Tests Residency Requirements Residency Requirements Grandfather Clause (From Louisiana) Grandfather Clause (From Louisiana) Poor whites Poor whites Gerrymandering Gerrymandering

Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Justice John Marshall Harlan, dissent Justice John Marshall Harlan, dissent Separate but equal Separate but equal

Share Crop System 90% % 1900 Peonage Peonage 85% % 1910 Land ownership Land ownership

Attitudes on Race Cartoons Cartoons “White Man’s Burden” “White Man’s Burden” Birth of a Nation Birth of a Nation Lynching Lynching

The Birth of a Nation 1915 D.W. Griffith D.W. Griffith James S. Pike The Prostrate State 1874 James S. Pike The Prostrate State 1874 Birth of a Race Birth of a Race

Lynching

A photograph of a lynching led to the poem “Strange Fruit” by Abel Meeropol…

In 1939 Billie Holliday recorded her musical rendition…

,714 “Reported” Lynchings ,714 “Reported” Lynchings GA 302 GA 302 MISS 258 MISS 258 TX 201 TX 201 LA 172 LA 172 FL 170 FL 170 ALA 132, ALA 132,

Ida B. Wells Memphis school teacher Memphis school teacher Southern Horrors 1892 Southern Horrors 1892 NAACP anti-lynching campaign NAACP anti-lynching campaign No federal anti-lynching law No federal anti-lynching law

Booker T. Washington Up From Slavery Up From Slavery Atlanta Exposition of 1895 Atlanta Exposition of 1895 Accomodationist Accomodationist Tuskegee Institute Tuskegee Institute

W.E.B. Du Bois The Souls of Black Folk, 1903 The Souls of Black Folk, 1903 Talented tenth Talented tenth NAACP NAACP

Marcus Garvey United Negro Improvement Association United Negro Improvement Association The Negro World The Negro World Blackstar Steamship Line Blackstar Steamship Line

WWI

The Great Migration H 1910: 75% rural, 90% southern H 1960: 75% urban, 50% northern H “Pushes”: H Economics H Boll weevil H Floods H Racial tension, violence H “Pulls”: H Employment H Encouragement from the North H New generation

The “Promised Land” H Chicago ( ): 44, ,000 H Cleveland ( ): 8,000-34,000 H White resistance: H Economy H Limited housing H The ghettoization of the North