A rbovirus means “arthropod-borne Transmitted by: * Arthropodes: female mosquito's and female ticks * Mother tick transmit virus to her offspring. * In yellow fever and dengue fever humans transmit the They are more than 400 arboviruses.

Classified into four families: * Togavirus * Flavivirus * Bunyavirus * Togaviruses: Toga = cloak * Icosahedral capsid, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus * Divided into two genera: 1.Alphaviruses 2.Rubiviruses (Female tick)

@ Flaviviruses: Flavi = yellow * Icosahedral capsid, enveloped, single-stranded RNA Bunyaviruses: Bunia = town in Africa * Helical capsid, enveloped, segmented RNA Arbovirus infection results only in It does not occur in either arthropod or other animals

Arbovirus Diseases in Yellow Dengue Rift Valley fever Arbovirus Diseases outside Eastern equine Western equine St. Louis California Japanese Colorado tick fever

YELLOW FEVER VIRUS Jaundice, Fever, Photophobia, Sweating, Hematemesis, Shock

Yellow fever

@ Yellow fever has two cycles: (1) Jungle yellow fever: Found in monkeys in the forest, transmitted to Man by mosquitoes (2) Urban yellow fever: infects Man, transmitted by the mosquitoes

Lab.Diagnosis of Yellow Specimens: blood, throat swab, Inoculation of: (i) Suckling mice (ii) Cell culture (iii) Mosquito Detect IgM antibody by: * ELISA * Haemagglutinatin–inhibition test.

Yellow Fever It is a live attenuated vaccine, prepared from 17D yellow fever Administered in one dose by a subcutaneous Protection lasts for 10 years.

DENGUE VIRUS Fever, malaise, cough, Pains in muscles and Enlarged lymph Skin Haemorrhage in GIT and shock

@ Lab. Diagnosis of dengue fever is similar to that of yellow Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti It is transmitted from Man to Man. No animal is No vaccine is Control is by destroying mosquitoes.

Rift Valley Fever It is a zoonotic Man is infected by contact with sheep & cattle; and by mosquito

Fever, vomiting, haemorrhages Lab. diagnosis of Rift Valley Fever Similar to that of yellow fever