1 PERSUASIVE SPEAKING Constructing Speech Goal Adapting Goal to Audience Attitude
2 OPPOSED Change wording of goal E.g I want to convince my audience that gay marriages should be legalized Change to I want to convince my audience committed gay couples should be able to have the same legal protection that is afforded to committed heterosexual couples through state-recognized marriage.
3 NEUTRAL If audience is uninformed: provide basic arguments. Impartial: i.e. No opinion- sound reasoning will help. In favour: Reinforce and strengthen their beliefs.
4 PROPOSITIONS E.g Propositions of Fact Mahatma Gandhi was the father of passive resistance E.g Propositions of Value Mahatma Gandhi was a moral leader. E.g Propositions of Policy MG should be given a special award for his views on passive resistance.
5 IDENTIFY GOOD REASONS AND SOUND EVIDENCE Is the reason directly related to proving propositions? Do I have strong evidence to support a reason? Will this reason be persuasive for this audience?
6 REASONING Claim -conclusion to be proven. E.g Your car needs a tune-up. Evidence: It stalls at stoplights Support A claim is supported with reasons or evidence
7 Warrant Logical statement that connects support to claim.
8 TYPES AND TESTS OF ARGUMENTS Arguing from Example Arguing from Analogy - support a claim with a single comparable example that is so significantly similar to subject of the claim as to be a strong proof.
9 Arguing from Causation -support a claim by citing events that have occurred that result in the claim. Arguing from Sign -provide evidence that the events that signal the claim have occurred.
10 ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS Statement of Reasons E.g. I want my audience to believe that passing the tax levy is necessary I The income will enable schools to restore vital programs (second strongest) The income will allow…. (strongest)
11 Comparative Advantages Criteria Satisfaction Problem Solution